AR Nas SS Gage) Le LN SN NO BOSSY fy tag FOP US OF OF OO LY SP OY WW BD
. THE OPTICAL . .
MAGIC LANTE
JOUBRNAL And Photographic Qnlarger.
A Magazine of Popular Science for the Lecture-Room and the Domestic Circle. ~ WITH WHICH IS INCORPORATED THE “LANTERN WORLD.”
{Entered at Stationers’ Hall.]
Vol. 9.—No. 114 NOVEMBER, 1893. Brice ‘2d. Post Free 3d.
CINEMATOGRAPH SERIES OF THREE Fost, suonresy aves tases, LENSES “OPTIMUS” MAGIC LANTERNS to ror DRAWING ROOM «> LECTURE HALL.
Limelight may be adapted without alteration at an extra cost of 168., or in lieu of Lamp, 7s. Gd. extra.
Each Magic Lantern is efficient for Exhibitions. The Lens gives crisp definition, being a superior Achromatic Photographic Combination with rack and pinion. It is fitted to a telescopic lengthening tube, so gaining increased focal accommodation. The Condenser is composed of two plano-convex lens of 4 inches diameter. The refulgent lamp has three wicks, yielding a brilliantly illuminated picture. Each is complete in Box.
LANTERN PHOTOS.
Plain 1/- Coloured 1/6
NOW READY.
All Accessovies at
reasonable pric:s. | —- = Mahogany Body,
: Mahogany outside . Superior Japanned Body, Japanned Russian Iron Body, lron Body, Brass CATALOGUE Brass Stage and
Metal Body. Metal Staves, and Brass Sliding Tubes. | iding ah Sliding Tubes. s | Sliding Tubes. POST FREE. Sliding Tubes,
PERKEN, SON & RAYMENT, “isin c** LONDON. ‘OPTIMUS.’ .
MAGIC LANTERNS AND SLIDES. Price £4 As. THE HELIOSCOPIC LANTERN
| | Perforated Russian 1 |
Is the Best Lantern that can be made.. ©: Larger Lenses and larger Condensers. Can be used for Oil ov Limelight. -
[* you desire to purchase, hire, or exchange Lanterns and Slides, you , cannot do better than call or send to WALTER TYLER, who. makes this business a sfécialilé, and supplies all articles better and” e cheaper than any house in the trade. Large stock of second-hand ~ Lanterns and Slides ; great bargains. Largest collection in the wo - of Lantern Slides. Certified collection of Slides over 500,000, wh can be bad on hire at the following rates :—50 for 3s., or by subscriptidhs*: ° 450 for {1 1s., or 1,000 for £2 2s. In quantities, and at times con- venient to customers.
WALTER TYLER’S New Catalogue, upwards of 600 pages, fully illustrated, now ready, post free, 12 staurps ; smaller Catalogue, 6stam;s ; and second-hand Lists,
post free.
WALTER TYLER, wartn22e°Sono, LONDON, | USE LUMIERE’S CINEMATOGRAPH.
SOLE AGENTS:—FUERST BROS., 17, PHILPOT LANE, E.C.
Tegg:
MAGIC LANTERN ANNUAL FOR 1898-99.
ii, The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
- HUGHES maRvELLOUS PAIMIPHENGOS.
FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS.— The finest Oil Lighted Lantern extant, gives brilliant
12 to 14 feet pictures; no smell, no smoke, no broken glasses; over 3,000 sold; 4-inch
Condensers and large diameter Lenses, which give superb results. Not 43- -inch and’
long focus front lenses. With oil, these involve loss of light - nor chimney dampers, which are evils to be eschewed. No smoke. No broken glasses.
NOTEH—The £6 6s. is reduced to £449. The £4 4s. to £3 10s, Have no other if you want pleasure and satisfaction. Hundreds of Testimonials fiom legitimate sources. Particulars Free. A really scizntific lantern.
THE MARVELLOUS PAMPHENGOS LAMPS.
The £2 2s. reduced to £1 10s. The £1 10s. to £1 5s.
This is the only perfectly constructed Scientific Lamp. Gives a bure White Light. Hughes’ Universal4-wick Lantern, 18/6. Blow-through Jcts, 8/6. Mixed Gas, 12/-. Cheapest house in the world for good things. Before purchasing, send for Mr. Hughes’ elaborately illustrated Catalogue, 180 original engravings price 6d., postage 4d. 60,000 Slide List sd. Mr. Hughes, at his rooms and Studio, has the grandest display of high class Projecting Lanterns, Novelties, Eftects, Carriers, &c.. &c., the world has ever seen. The * Docwra,” the ‘‘ Grand,” the ‘ Miniature Malden” Triples, as supplied to Madame Patti, Prof. Maiden, Dr. H. Grattan Guinness, the Maharajah of Mysore, Colin Docwra, Esq., Capt. Chas. Reade, R.N., the Polytechnic, &c., &c. Pamphlets free.
NEW LECTURE SETS, Spanish-American War. Life of Gladstone.
A PERFECT OIL LANTERN.
The finest and largest assortment of slides and grand effects arc to be seen at Mr. Hughes’ Art Gallery.
50 Beautifully CoJoured Slides on Loan, 3s. LIstTs FREE. A SPECIAL DEPARTMENT FOR HIRE SLIDES ONLY.
Not from Stock, therefore no disappointments. BY SUBSCRIPTION, 450 for £1 1s. or 1,000 for £2 2s.
Hughes’ Newly Improved 2.000 Candle-Power
MAGNUM MIXED GAS JET,
For the Cinematograph. Oa a new prin- ciple. Hemming's Safety. All screwed and cast. Two movements tor lime. Nothing to surpass it; very portabie, unique; will fit any Lantern.
A SPLENDID JET FOR RESULTS. Price £3 10s.
—
ee cheapest Bi-unial in the World.
‘BI-UNIAL, 4-Inoh Lens, £6 16s.
PERFECTED AFTER CONSIDERABLE EXPERIMENTING.
A JET OF JETS.
HUGHES’ ELEGANT MAHOGANY BRASS-FRONTED
Nitto, with 44 inch Condensers and Long Focus 23 Diameter Front Lenses, £9 gs.
I) W. C. HUGHES, Specialist in Optical Projection (ESTABLISHED 30 YEARS),
Brewster House, 82, Mortimer Road, Kingsland, LONDON, N.
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. iii.
CAN BE USED WITHOUT A . SHUTTER. .
Animated WPicturcs.
s+ HUGHES’ GREAT « MOTOR ~-PICTOROSCOPE.
(BY ROYAL LETTERS PATENT.) The consummation and embodiment of great improvements on all other cinematograph machines. Beautiful sharp, steady Pictures from 10-to 20 feet ov move. The outcome of nearly two years' exhaustive experiments.
ABSOLUTELY NO FLICKERING,
ADVANTAGES: New Piston Plunger for gently drawing down the film, therefore never tears or injures—New Film Cage—Films are never scratched or defaced—Films are almost everlasting — New Focusing arrangement for Lenses (useful and clever)—New Automatic Miniature Art Picture frame with Focusing—Special cut-off Shutter; a great addition
on all other shutters—&c. §="The Ultimatum of Perfection.
Price £45 10s. complete, with high-class Lantern, &c., READY FOR USE. MACHINE SEPARATELY, £38.
Not a third the price it should be considering its superb mechanism and its capacity for results.
Do NOT PURCHASE TILL YOU HAVE SEEN THIS.
PHOTO -ROTOSCOPE,
A superb little Instrument.
Perfection at the Price.
Steady. No flickering. Can be attached to any Lantern. Gives 4 feet Pictures with Pamphengos Oil Light, 12 to14 with Limelight. Superior to same Machines costing £15 to £20. High-class workmanship. PRICE COMPLETE,
With Machine, Pamphengos Lamp, Jet, and Optical Lantern (as illustration) a a is aie £ I 3 13s.
HUGHES’ fy ites PATENT PHOTO-ROTOSGOPE PEEP SHOW.
The Greatest Money Taker of the 19th Century. £10 to £12 a Week easily made. PICTURES IN OPEN DAYLIGHT (WINTER OR SUMMER)- LENGTH 9 FEET. SPLENDID RESULTS.
Price £21 10s. complete. "PARTICULARS, 3d.
Pictures appear like Limelight in the Peep Show with the
PAMPHENGOS LAMP.
Hughes’ Essay on Cinematographs, 3d. Grandly Illustrated Catalogue of Everything connected with all the above Cinematographs, 6d. post free. Illustrated Film Lists, 3d. Hughes’ Bijou Living
Picture Camera; the most perfect made; price £15. Illustrated Particulars, 2d.
HUGHES’ IMPROVED DEVELOPING APPARATUS for 75 feet of Film, consisting of Cylinder and three Baths, for £6 10s.
A very complete, reliable and perfect apparatus. Pee |
Ww. c. HUGHES, Specialist in Optical Projection (Established 30 Years), BREWSTER HOUSE, $2, MORTIMER ROAD, KINGSLAND, N.
iv. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger
ARCHER’S IMPROVED OPTICAL LANTERNS.
- Evvwo Prize Medals.
Proved superiorto 66 99 our new PERFECT all others, ° Single Lantern and See Reports. Automatic Dissolver. See Enthusiastic Testimonials from Pau LANGE, Esq., G. E. Thompson, Esq., Manchester
Camera Club, and many others, “THE IDEAL, ' the Lantern of the future. Price £8 15s. complete. No. 3, Plainer Form, £6 6s. COMPLETE.. The Improved “PHOTINUS ” is the most powerful oil lantern in the world. Price £4 4s.
a The Best ‘'BLO-THRO" SAFETY JET in the Market. 500 Candle-power. ic = aos Price only 16s. Send for List, Pos Free.
Will show to perfection any distance from ARCHER’S NEW OPAQUE SCREENS, just supplied to the Manchester Photo the screen. Society, as they proved, THE BEST OF ALL. (See Testimonial.)
ARCHER & SONS, Lantern Specialists and Manufacturers, 43 to. 49, Lord Street, Liverpool.
Established 1848, Illustrated Lists free, Effect Slides painted for Wholesale London Houses. All kinds of Slides made to order.
CINEMATOGRAPH LIMES. | C. W. LOCKE,
For the Exhibition of High Class MAKER OF
___ Optical Lantern Work. | High-elass Optical Lanterns
Special sizes to order, for high or low pressures.
AND ALL ACCESSORIES.
Proresson MALpEN, F.R.G.S., says:— Their chief sien ee. f age be peculiarity is undoubtedly the quality of the light, which Specialities.—Locke = Patent High-power Mixed Gas
i -e tried.”’ ——_______—-. Jets; Locke's Improved High-power is at least 20 percent. above all others I have tried. Blow through Jets; Screw-down Valves for Jets, Etc.
Further Testimonials on Application.
Office and Works—
THE INCANDESCENT LIME COMPANY, Bou Nee NOT TINGHAN. 244, Tottenham Court Road, London, W. OXYGEN! OXYGEN! OXYGEN! aso HYDROGEN!
Compressed in cylinders of the very best manufacture, and guaranteed tested and thoroughly annealed to meet the recommendations of the
Home Office and railway regulations. At very great expense, the most perfect and improved plant has been erected to produce and compress
the purest and best Oxygen, which is supplied on most reasonable terms. Without doubt the CENTRAL OXYGEN WORKS are the most perfect in existence for manufacturing and compressing. Customers ate invited to inspect during business hours.
CYLINDERS, GAUGES, WALYVES, JETS, LIMES and every requisite supplied for successfully working the limelight, at the very lowest possible price, by the
CENTRAL OXYGEN WORKS, Sheffield Street, Lincoin’s Inn Fields, LONDON, W.C.
OPTICAL LANTERN LECTURES,
By RALPH DARLINGTON, F.R.G.S ~ MORLEY & COOPE R,
My Travels in Egypt and Experiences on the Nile—150 Slides.
My Travels in Greece, Turkey and Asia Minor—100 Slides. 70, UPPER STREET, LONDON, N. Pompetic Past aud Preaent, and the Rey of Naples-—B0 tides, LANTERNS, SLIDES ano att ACCESSORIES. LECTURER’S LANTERNS Frow 17/6 abe by Deore Sere . A large stock of New and Second-hand Cameras, Lenses, onstantinopie and its reople. ° Prospectuses and Terms for Lectures on Application. _ and Photographic Sundries on Sale or Exchange. R. DARLINGTON, Greenheys, Llangollen, North Wales. ESTABLISHED | 1845:
ACETYLENE.
Invaluable for LANTERNS AND STUDIO. -— THE —-
“FOWLER”? GENERATOR.
(PATENT.)
Safest and Best Apparatus.
PRICE From £2 28.
Stamp for Catalogue and all Particulars.
PRACTICAL PHOIGGRAPHER
An Illustvated Monthly intended for the higher ranks of 290. MARSH LANE, BOOTLE, LIVERPOOL. Professional and Amateur Photographers. Devoted cqually Calcium Carbide at Market Prices. to the art, science, and applications of phoicgraphy. Kindly mention this Paper when writing
WITH WHICH 1S INCORPORATED THE ‘LANTERN WORLD.”
Vol. 9.—No. 114.
NOVEMBER, 1898.
Price 2d., Post-free 3d.
{
CONTENTS.
Notes 5
Optical and Mechanical Effects for the Lantern.—No. Ii. Physics for Lanternists.—No. I.
The Lanternist’s Practical Cyclopedia. No. XXIV. A Photographer's Tour in a Gipsy Van .. : Enlarging on Bromide Paper
Failures and Mistakes
Hand Grenades for Lanternists -
Manufactured Limes for the Lantern
Patent Intelligence ..
Correspondence sia
Notes and Queries
NOTICES.
Tue Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger is issued on the 1st of every month, price Two Pence, and may be obtained from all Newsvendors, Railway News Stalls, Photographic Dealers, or from the Publishers, at the following rates, post free :—
12 months, 3/-. United States, 75 cents.
Excuance Column, General Wants, &o. (not Trade)— First 20 words, 6d.; and for every 3 additional words, ld.
SMALL ADVERTISEMENTS must reach the office not later than the first post on the 24th of each month. All cheques and postal orders to be made payable to the Magic Lantern Journal Company, Limited.
EDITORIAL communications must be addressed, J. HAY TAYLOR, Advertisements and business communications to ‘THE MAGIC LANTERN JOURNAL COMPANY, Limited, 9, Carthusian Street, London, E.C.
American Agents:—The International News Co., 83 and 85, Duane Street, New York City.
Annual. — This Annual for 1898-9 was published on the 24th ult.
Magic Lantern Journal
oe Bead Bead
Naval Pictures in St. James’s Hall.— On the 7th, 9th and 11th inst. a grand naval entertainment will take place at St. James’s Hall, Piccadilly, by the well-known firm of West and Son, of Southsea, after which members of their staff will tour the country. The pictures, lantern slides, and cinematographic views to be shown will be very varied, and will include various drilling and other scenes during the recent cruise of H.M.S.. “Crescent,” yacht
racing, etc. ~ % *
Quality of Negatives for making Lantern Slides.—It is often asked, and the subject has frequently been argued, as to what are the requisites of a negative from which one can expect to make a good lantern slide. The answer can be summed up in a few words, setting to one side all question of adaptability of subject. Any negative which will yield a good print on silver paper will, in competent hands, answer admir- ably from which to make a good lantern slide.
158
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
The Lantern at Renhold.—The Rector of Renhold has commenced a series of monthly lantern entertainments, the first of which was held on the 12th ult.at the schoolrooms, a large audience being present to listen to an illustrated lecture by Mr. Limbrick on ‘‘St. Alban the Martyr and the Church of His Time.”
> ~ bad
Cleveland Camera Club.—At the annual meeting of this society held a short time ago it was decided to recommend the committee to hold a photographic exhibition in the early part _ of next year. od
> a
Cinematograpb at Balmoral.—On_ the evening of the 24th ult., Messrs. Walker & Co., of Aberdeen, gave a highly satisfactory cine- matographic exhibition at Balmoral Castle. .
~ bead 7" te
Songs with Moving IlIlustrations. — Mr. Butts, of Kansas City, U.S.A., has arranged several series of animated pictures as an accompaniment to songs. Fine adjustment will doubtless be required, so that the particulars of the scenes will coincide with the utterance of the words of the songs.
~
Slides for Lending.—The Great Eastern Railway Company, ever alive to its own interests, combined with those of its patrons, has prepared several sets of lantern slides which it is willing to lend to those interested. Six interesting lectures and sets of slides have lately been prepared, viz.—(1) A trip from London to Yarmouth and back, 54 slides; (2) The Rivers and Broads of Norfolk and Suffolk, 55 slides; (3) A Trip on a Norfolk river, 57 slides; and (4) The story of East Anglia, Part I. 46 slides ; (5) Part II., 60 slides; (6) The Church in East Anglia, 55 slides. The last three will be ready in November. A list of slides in each lecture, and conditions of loan, can be obtained from the general manager, Great Eastern Railway, Liverpool-street Station, E.C. Descriptive notes have also been prepared for the use of lecturers.
-. ~
> baad baad
Wing’s Slides.—Some lantern slides of an interesting nature have been received from Mr. T. T. Wing, of Chatteris, Cambs. Mr. Wing
makes a speciality of producing and colouring | slides from negatives submitted to him, in ;
addition to his own subjects.
Detroit Camera Club.—The second Salon and Exhibition of this Camera Club will be held at the Detroit Museum of Art, Detroit, Mich., U.S.A., from the 21st to the 26th insts. There are to be three divisions, the salon, the general exhibition, and lantern slides, and the exhibition is open to all artistic workers throughout the world. The secretary is Mr. George O. Pratt, 720, Antoine Street, Detroit, Mich., U.S.A.
nad me
South London Photographic Society.—- This society is taking time by the forelock and has announced that its tenth annual exhibition will be held from March 4th to 11th, 1899, at the Camberwell Baths, Church Street, Camber- well,S.E. All particulars can be obtained from the hon. secretary, Mr. A. E. Allen, 27, Princes Square, Kennington Gate, S.E.
~ cs
a
>
Is this a Record ?—We learn on excellent authority that the head master of a public school in the South of England has, after his school has been over, raised by his own exertions and his limelight lantern, during the past 25 years, no le-s a sum than £3,000 for the benefit of Nonconformist Churches of Somerset, Devon, Cornwall, and some parts of South Wales.
Bead =~ >
Lantern Slides on the Soudan Campaign, Messrs. Newton and Co., of 3. Fleet Street, have just published a lecture on Gordon and Khar- toum illustrated by 60 lantern slides, many of them from the original drawings by such well- known artists as Caton Woodville, Seppings- Wright, etc. This subject is so much to the fore this winter that no doubt it will make au interesting and popular lecture.
> >
_Lanternists’ Note Book.—Following their usual custom, Messrs. Butcher & Son, of Blackheath, have just issued a neat pocket book with pencil for lanternists’ engagements, etc. These books are sent free on application. >
hod
bead bead
Paul’s Film Pictures.—In his new list Mr. Robert W. Paul not only gives illustrations of many of his animated photograph films, but gives a synopsis of the details of action in each picture. The list is an excellent one.
no Riley Bros., Limited.—We learn that the well-known firm of Riley Bros., of Bradford, the large dealers and manufacturers of lantern apparatus, is now known as Riley Bros., Limited.
bead >
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. v.
GENERAL ADVERTISEMENTS.
PROFESSIONAL lanternist and cinematographist A of great experience is open to engagements, with or without his own apparatus, in town or country, on
very moderate terms. Reference, Editor of this Journal. —Address, Optics, 13, York-street, Walworth, London.
OLLODION trausparency making (from any size negative), free from grain; slides coloured best possible style ; list of hand-painted dissolving effects, 1d. -Addrees, Wilkinson & Co., Artists, Sunderland. ANTERN slides, full size; sets of 12, all coloured, sacrifice, 2s. 9d. per set; lecture gratis; list free.— Ziegler, 279, Corfield-street, Bethnal Green.
H* you & cinematograph? Please seil it at once,
as it must be bad. You think not? One sees that you have not seen working the ‘‘ Rateaugraph,” which is ten times better than your actual cinematograph. Will you see it ?— Write at once directly to the inventor, Mr. Rateau, 25, Margaret-street, Cavendish-square, London, W. (Letters only.)
OR sale, hign-claes lantern, cylinder, regulators, screens, saturators, slides, miscellaneous lantern apparatus.—Brownie, Royal Academy, Tain, N.B. DVERTISER requires small master man to make mahcgany lantern bodies and’ clides.—A. B. C., Macic Lantern Journar Office, 9, Carthusian-street.
| eee Hughes’ 4-wick Pamphengoa Jamp, nearly new; suitable for enlarging, or lantern with wick trimmer, lot 17s. 6d.—Edwards, Tamworth.
ANTERNIST'S, will you do a small tortune in this I 4 magic lantern season? Purchase a ‘ Rateaugraph,” the best and the cheapest cinematograph on the market
LARKSON'S safety gauge, Brin’s oxygen con- nection, 25s., as new; cost 42:.; good mixed jet, 53.—Sheaff, 28, Hartfield-road, Wimbledon. CRIPLURE sides, largest stock in Minglana, bire or sale; complete lantern bible, special offer to clergy and other ministers. — Baker, Lauternist. Salis-bury. IMELIGHT lantern, can be used with acetylene, complete with jet, tray, tubing ready. to light up, 50s.—Baker, Lanternist, Salisbury. .1 PECIALIST, inventor, designer, exhibitor, lantern Ss apparatus, limelight, electric, knowledge trade throughout, desires engagement.—C/o 39, Bedford-strcet, Stapleton-road, Bristol. : \ 7 ANTED to exchange, 30 New Zealand slides for others; illustrated hymns or best comics pre- ferred —Alpha, 8. Park-street, Loughborough.
LEARKANCH, sate of lantern @pparatus, slides, etc. > C magnificent bi-unial, £16; four 10 feet cylinders, tested by Brins, £1 each; Beard's cinematograph jet, 15s. 6d.; Brown’s mixed jet, 10s. 6d.; two duplex regulators, 18s. 6d. each; ‘‘ Primus" incandescent gas jet set, 10s.; four linen ecreens, 20 feet £2, 14 feet 303., 9 feet 16s.,6 feet 9s.; bamboo stand making all sizes, 4 to 20 feet, £2 17s. Gd.; coloured slides by leading artists; 12 Village blacksmith, 24s.; 10 Fireman's wedding, 20s.; 23 Rochester, 46s.; 18 Jane Conquest, £6 10s.; 14 Temperance House Jack built, 208.; 9 Kenilworth, 54s.; plain life models; 8 Gambler's wife, 4s, 6d.; 70 Life and jubilees Victoria, 308.; 18 Kentish hop fields, 9s.; 8 Sham patient, 3s. 6d.; 21 Whittington, 8s. ; 9 Saved from sea, 4s. 6d.; 21 Hookey Beak, 10s. 6d. : 30 Miscellaneous, 8s. ; coloured cinematograph Lumiere
films ‘‘ Dancers,"' £3 ; - other sets cheap to clear; letters ; only.—W. Baker, 5, Sumner-road, Croydon, Surrey.
OPTICAL LANTERNS & SLIDES
OF THE HIGHEST QUALITY ONLY. ees
SUPPLEMENTARY LIST LANTERN SLIDES; &c.
For Season, 1898-99.
SLIDES SLIDES Artists, Famous, and their Life of Christ .. ee +. B3 Work.. = . + 221 | is » Hoffmann’s Series 30 Astronomy—Knowledge Tissot’s Series 100 ee Oe at ee yas Australia and New Zealand 51 de ne MONG: 44528 : Life of Arthur, Duke of Bacteriology . .- 2 air Wellington .. . -- 53 Birds, English Ss +. 55 London .. An 2 British Army, History of the 59 | Lost and Found 13 British Battles,Some famous 93 ) Miscellaneous Sacred Canada, British Association's Subjects Gs -. 26 Excursion .. +: ss 52 Old Testament sa ae 25 Deeds that won the Empire 66 Old, Old Story 23 English History + 247 Paris... as #8 21 Geological Formation in the Persians, Kurds, and Nestor- oe of Bar- ians, their Manners and mout Se + aac, 7 Customs aie: 65 Gloucester Cathedral and ' Portraits es .. at City a an ++ 43° Sacred Services for Lent and Gordon and Khartoum nae. 336 = Holy Week .. Sis +. 36 Houses of Parliament .. 56 5 Smyrna.. : oe ees) Illuminated Texts .. sa 32 Spanish-American War .. 27 Illustrated Sacred Songs .. 21 Stations of the Cross . Wy India . "4. 108 | Stereoscopic Pictures Ireland .. a 20 | Westminster Abbey ..
| The “ NEWTONIAN” | UNIVERSAL SCIENCE LANTERN.
{IVES’ AND NEWTON'S PATENT.)
The Three Fronts are mounted on one Table, and may be removed,
so that the Photochromoscope or Cinematograph may be put in its
place. The Condenser is hinged, sothat it can be swung out of the way.
Fully Illustrated Catalogue of Lanterns and Scientific, Educational and. other Slides, 6 Stamps.
NEWTON & Co.,3, Fleet St., London, E.C.
vi. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
GENERAL ADVERTISEMENTS.— Continued ANTED, sound, working condition, regulators, gauges, screens, lenses, Brin’s cylinders, stands, films.— Give makers and lowest cash prices to S., 26, February-street, Upper Brook-street, Manchester. ay PTIMUS" 4-wick lamp, 10s.; 2 Beard’s carriers: with anti-glass shield, 7s. 6d.; alum bath, 1s. 6d.: 2 carriers, 1s.3d.; amateur’s dark tent, 8s. 6d.; Wood's washer and rack, 12 by 10 and under, 14s.; Houghton dark-room lamp, 12s. ; 3 mixed jets, 5s. each; 5U slides (coloured and reading), Stanley in Africa, 30s.; good bi-unial, £8 103.; 2 single lanteras (mahogany) with lamps, 40s. each; cameo press and 6 dies, 12s.; anda few sundries. All perfect; the stock of an amateur (deceased). A good cinematograph (now in use), £15.— Norton, 38, Marchmont-street, London, W.C. OR sale, 2 blow-through jets, in thorough workiog order; good as new; 6s. each.—Owen, Lower Hill- morton-road, Rugby. NOREWN and etand (disconnecting), 12 feet, 34s. ; mixed jet (Wrench), 10s.; £3 3s. limelight pro- jector, £2; astronomical) slides, crescent against cross, comic slides, various sets, sale or exchange; 20 miscel- laneous slides, 4s.; 6 Haddon Hall and Chatsworth, 3s. ; 40 and 15 feet oxygen cylinders, 20 feet hydrogen; 4-plate Rover camera, T.-P. shutter, £2 10s.—Pilkington, Market-place, Buxton.
\ AN'LED, the tollowing back numbers ot THE MaGic LANTERN JOURNAL, 5, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 43, 56, 57, 58, 66.—Offers to Lanternist, 62, Wellington-road, Walthamstow. ANTLERN slides, 6s. the dozen; the same quality as those usually sold at 1s. each ; hundreds of subjects ; London and country views, St. Paul’s, Westminster, Can- terbury Cathedral, etc. ; lists free; catalogue three stamps. —John Stabb, 152, Kensington Park-road, Bayswater.
HE economic series: of effect slides, on photographic bases. A new departure; finest quality work at half the usual prices; new subjects, some are photographic gems. The series of flower studies, for dissolving, par pair 3s. 6d.; new view, Entrance to St. Gothard Railway Tunnel, by day, night, signal changes, train passes, 3 slides, 17s.; Loch Katrine, day, boat sails over lake, swans cross the water by night, mechanical] moonrise, 4 slides, with 5 movements, an exquisite effect, 15s.; The old wreck, very fine, 3 slides, 15s8.; Taj] Mahae, India, day, moonlight and illumination, 3 slides, 7s. 6d.; Rye House, day, night, lights in windows and moonrise, panoramic effect of swans and waterfowl passing, 4 slides, 18s. 6d.; The house on fire, very effective set of 7 slides, with rackwork effect, 21s.; St. James’s Palace, day, night, moonlight on buildings and gradual illumination of windows, new and effective, 3 slides, 10s.; The keeper's lodge, just new, by day, night, very full effect of moon- light on buildings, lights in windows, smoke from chimney, and in winter (recommended), 5 slides, 13s. ; Scene in the Fairy Glen, Wales, a charming and romantic view, by day and moonlight, 2 slides, 7s.; Brunnen, in Switzerland, with beautiful mechanical effect, summer and winter, 4 slides, 12s..6d.;,Ship at sea in full sail, a remarkable photograph, by day, night, and novel effect, 3 slides, 93.; and a large selection of choice subjects especially prepared as effects; send for lists, post free.— Edmund H. Wilkie, as below. URTAIN slides, mottoes, humorous sets, Mechanical slides; one lantern effects, ‘The Tower Bridge,” as illustrated in last month’s LaNnTERN JOURNAL, 24s. ; Blondin, 25s.; The sailor's return, 8s.; Stoke Pogis Church, 7s. 6d.; effects in pairs for dissolving, really good and creditable work, at 3s. 6d. per pair, a marvel of cheapness, under wholesale prices; no commercial rubbish kept under any circumstances; every slide specially prepared; send for list of effect sets, post free.
ANTERN slides; Forth and ‘lower bridges, aud Great Wheel at Earl's Court, three great engineer- ing feats, 2s.; Mr. Gladstone making his last public speech at Hawarden, and two views of castle, 28., two interesting sets.— John Stabb, 152, Kensington Park-road, Bayswater. ANTERN shige painung and opal tinting, etc. ; prices for large and small quantities upon appli- cation te F. G. Wood, 85, Gillott-road, Birmingham. OR sale, @ bargain, Wrench’s cinematograph ana lan- tern complete ; good condition ; may be seen working; price £6. cost £36.— Posgate, 11. Vine-place, Sunderland. 9 HYMNS, o8.; 2U Lite ot Corist, 58.; 12 Prodigal son, 3s.; 12 Texts, 3s. 6d.; plain.—101, White- cross-street, Derby. LEASE do not purchase & cluematograph before you have seen working the ‘‘ Rateaugraph,” which is certainly the best apparatus yet invented.
me clear, cheap, some good coloured second-hand
slides, including temperance effects, comic mottoes, etc., etc. Send us your plain slides to colour and you will be delighted. Price lists free—T. Wing. Chatteris.
T WO 12 feet Brin cylinders, with Beard governors avd keys.—J.K., c/o M.L.J. Co., 9, Carthusian-st., E.C. RAND new effect sets, in exquisite hand-paintea work, unique and unequalled; new and original subjects and novelties; Firing the parachute shell, with newly invented mechanical effects; The miracle play; Sunset on the Lake of Geneva, with new movement; The Piper of Dargai, with original panoramic effect (a trump card for showmer); Destruction of the Spanish Fleet at Manila, with novel and startling effects, finest miniature painting by Polytechnic artists; The dying Spanish soldiers’ vision, just new, etc., etc., etc.; send for lists—Edmund H, Wilkie, as below.
Edmund H. Wilkie, as below.
BOON to Janternists.—'l’o produce the best results on the screen use only Wilkie’s Solar flint limes; these are made with the greatest care from the hardest lime in the world, and produce an intensely concentrated pure white light of immense penetrative power ; in air- tight tins, containing one dozen, 2s. 9d. post free; after using these superb limes lanternists will never be content with any other; unequalled for cinematographic work ; send for lists of effects also, you will be interested. —Edmund H. Wilkie, as below. iW second-hand sets of finest hand-painted effects will be disposed of, at cheap rates; send for lists of new effects, post free—Edmund H. Wilkie, 114, Maygrove-road, West Hampstead, London. All slides sent packed and post free on receipt of postal order. HE whole collection of slides useu v0 illustrate the lectures of the late Mr. W. R. May, the well-known lecturer at the (late) Royal Polytechnic Institution, has been entrusted to Mr. Edmund H. Wilkie for immediate disposal. These slides are well worth the attention of exhibitors, lecturers, and heads of schools, and embrace such subjects as the Soudan, Egypt, Afghanistan, Lighthouses, Homes without hands, Cruise of the ‘‘ Challenger,” Life of a plant, Astronomy, and many others; about 500 in all; must be sold at once at merely nominal prices; particulars post free; an opportunity seldom to be met with.—114, Maygrove-road, West Hampstead, London. 9 DIAMOND Jubilee slides, with reading, 12s. 6d.; cost 24s.; used twice.—H+lloway, 125, Bailey’s- lane, Stamford Hill, N. \ ANTED, bi-unial lantern (Noakes preferred) ; must be cheap; give full particulars and lowest price. —C, Edwards, 76, Haddington-road, Dublin. Continued on page VII.
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
159
Optical and Mechanical Effects for the Lantern.—No. II]. By EDMUND H. WILKIE.
(Late Royat Ponyrecunic Insrirution). -
ON
Sey) adel piney opens slides tw whic elighted audiences in the € (@ past, and which, on account of their y Aone beauty or quaintness, still hold a their ground in the present, is ‘‘ The 4 opening rose,”’ which consists of a
Aer moss rosebud with spray of leaves on Jes an opaque background, as represented in our diagram at Fig. VIII.
Fig. VIII.
The frame of this effect, which is the usual 7 inches by 4 or 44 inches, is of special construc- tion, having a fixed glass in the centre with a lever on each side of it, both lever frames having handles at the same end of the frame for con- venience in working. As originally constructed the levers had different centres, one being about an eighth of an inch to the left of the centre point in the fixed glass, the other lever centre being the same distance to the right of that point, but by slightly altering the design of the flower, the same result is now obtained by two levers working upon the same centre.
On the fixed glass is painted a moss rose in, full bloom, also the leaves and stalks, as in our sketch. All who are acquainted with the forma- tion of the moss rose will remember that this beautiful flower has a kind of outer shell com- posed of the mossy green matter from which it takes its name, but this is left out when the rose is being painted. ;
The fixed glass is now placed in the frame, and the top lever being dropped into its place and the handle pushed up as far as it will go, the mossy edge of the rose is next outlined on the moving glass, as seen in our diagram ; then,
by turning the lever downwards, the mossy edge gradually advances to the centre, giving the idea of the rose closing up, the painting on the fixed glass being obscured by the blacked-out portion which we see on the lever. In this connection it will be as well to mention that the shading on the diagram is in two distinct depths, in order to render clear the difference between the blacked-out portions of the two glasses, the grey being on the fixed glass, and the dead black on the lever.
The painting on the other lever is identical with the one just described, but reversed so that it affects the opposite side of the flower, and it will be apparent that if the lever on the side nearest the observer is pushed down, and that on the other side raised to its full extent, the rose will be closed in and assume the appearance of a rosebud. In this condition it should be thrown on to the screen and gradually unfolded, forming a very pretty effect if artistically painted.
This effect offers facilities for many little additions, several of which are effective and un- common. An additional slide can be arranged having a rising glass upon which is painted the figure of Cupid bearing
a flowing blue ribbon
with the words “Good night” in white letters. To show this the two slides must be carefully registered, the figure of Cupid being hidden behind an opaque black screen in the shape of the flower, and after the operation of opening the rosebud has been carried out and we have arrived at the full blown rose, Cupid rises apparently from the interior of the flower hold- ing his ribbon, forming a charming and artistic close to an exhibition ; that is, when the painting is of the finest finish, as a ‘‘ commercial ” cupid is more apt to excite derision than admiration. The mention of Cupid brings to mind an effect entitled «‘ Love is lighter than a feather,” the foundation picture of which showed us Venus holding up a large pair of scales, and Cupid being placed in one scale pan and a feather in the other, the feather went down with a thump at once, much to the surprise and disgust of Cupid. As we are dealing now principally with the movingor mechanical portions of slides, the figure of Venus has been left out in our diagram, and the scales enlarged in order to show the working parts more distinctly. Pro- bably few lanternists have seen a practicable working pair of scales in the form of a slide, so our illustration will be somewhat of a novelty. The mechanism is simple, and the working parts few, there being only four separate pieces of glass and three rivets in the whole effect.
160
The diagram almost explains itself, the different plates of glass being clearly marked by the dotted lines, but it must be mentioned that the handle of the scales upon which the beam is suspended is painted on the fixed glass, and the beam (with the black handle on the right side of frame) upon anotber piece, which is loosely rivetted to the front by the rivet shown by the black dot in the centre.
Fig. IX.
At either end of the beam is asmall semicircle,
in the centre of which will be seen another black |
dot indicating the rivet by which the upright glasses, upon which the scale pans and cords are painted, are fastened to the beam. The whole arrangement of the mechanism very much re- sembles a model pair of scales, and when actuated by the black handlethe beam moves up and down, balancing the scale pans in a most
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
in one lantern well worth the attention of lanternists, as they form a pleasant change to continually dissolving on and off, and amongst the number may be favourably mentioned ‘‘ Bud and blossom,” in which the face of a child in a rosebud changes to the bust of a woman in a full blown rose; ‘‘The Masquerader,” showing a half-length portrait of a lady holding in her hand a half mask which she raises to her face, and on-removing it her features have given place to a skull with rolling eyes. These are principally painted on blacked-out backgrounds, but such is not invariably the case, as in some instances the effect being darker in colour than
‘ the groundwork of the picture, it is possible to | paint it on a separate glass and bring it on as
required.
Asan instance of this method ‘‘ The Serenade” may be mentioned, in which case a beautiful Italian landscape is represented by moonlight showing a castle in the foreground on the left of the picture, and alake on the right. By drawing out one slip a gondola containing a figure play- ing upon a guitar floats across the moonlit waters until it nears the castle walls, when, the second slip being moved, a female figure in a flowing robe appears gliding along the ramparts until she is immediately above the boat, appa- rently having dressed in haste and issued from the castle to ascertain the cause of so much disturbance at such an untimely season. This is a beautiful effect of the sentimental kind, owing more to the general design of the picture than to any mechanical skill exhibited in its construction; but there are many subjects prepared in mechanical frames upon the manu- facture of which much patience, experience, and technical knowledge has been expended, of which class Fig. X. is a very good specimen.
When dissolved on we see a ship in the centre
realistic manner. In order to retain the two scale pans in their correct posi- tions, the lower ex- tremities of the two upright glasses work loosely in grooves cut in the wooden frame. This being exhibited on the screen it was, of
SSS eS Se
TTT PAN i Wr yy rT i ar 7 STaT Lee \ RTS AY ay \\\ (it SPN Str GANA A} : CIC nt aN V WM: orinvaavanen “
WHY ey (( Uy aK tee
Thy
Web
Fig. X.
course, a simple matter to throw the figure of | of the view having apparently just left the port
Cupid into one scale the other.
fan and the feather into , | mighty cliffs standing out boldly against a glowing
of Dover, which is seen in the distance, the
There are a number of moving effects to work | evening sky, and the well-known outline of the
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. vii.
GENERAL ADVERTISEMENTS. --Continued
(PNEMATOG HAPS 1 beg to inform the dealers in RS FA SO N 1 R98- O &
cinematographic apparatus that I am ready to | supply them with my excellent ‘' Rateaugraph " (patents 5026 and 18014/97) at the very reduced charge of £2 15s. © er eQYCH AM D> for apparatus, including good lenses. My apparatus | takes any sort of perforation (American or French), and | gives a picture perfectly steady, free from flickering or ° Y K b \ other defect. Experiment by. appointment and full - as, ‘F particulars at once on request.—For letters, Augustus Rateau, 25, Margaret-atreet, Cavendish-square, London, W. Please take notice that my apparatus being delivered free of my name and of the above trade mark, may be : Supplemental Gata ogue sold under any name and at any price you want. Many apparatus on the market, although inferior to mine, ES
are sold at £20 and even £40. Other important | notice: In next month’s optical and photographic
OF... reviews, please read attentively my first large advertise- ment for my inventions—cinematographic macbines, | AN | E RN new light for cinematographs, new lime for light, etc.,
etc. Send your adéress at once, in order to receive my
splendid catalogue aa soon as ready. ORTABLE single lancvern by Holmes & Watson, 43 | D inch triple condenser, Swift lens, 12 inch mixed >) jet with coarse and fine adjustment, Beard carrier, etc., jo case; cost £21; condition as new.—J. K., c/o The Containing many interesting and up-to-date Macic LANTERN JouRNAL, 9, Cartbusian-street, EC. | T-UNIAL lantern by Adams, 4 inch condensers, 5} | additions, will be posted on application. objectives, mixed and blow-through jets, dissolver, - carriers, curtain effect, etc., etc. ; cost £15.—J. K., as nbove.
S* pairs magpificent effect shiacs, including sunset,
* %* %*& * moonlight, cloud, and brilliant illumination scenes;
also 24 Norway, Scripture figure studies, cheap.—Apply, | YOR & SON, G.. Sunnydene, Forest-road, Waltharastow. ° ° INEMalrOGRAPH machine for projecting and 67, Lancaster Road, Notting Hill, ll
taking films, two lenses by Darlott, of Paris, £5 103.;
can be attached to any Jantern; no approval no abate- | roent, exchange for slides or pair of 40 feet cylinders.— LON DO N ’ W. J. Bate, 67, Wellington-street, Bradford, Manchester.
BAMFORTH’S
Life Model Lantern Slides, ILLUSTRATED SONGS, &c.
THE LARGEST PRODUCER 1s T#s WORLD.
Detailed Catalogue, 186 pages, post free 8d.; Supplementary List, 1898-9, post free.
SSCSSSSSSCSSSSSHOSSHS
Slides made from Customers’ Negatives by a Special Wet Collodion Process, giving good results even from poor, weak film Negatives. Send Negative for Sample Slide and terms Gratis.
JAMES BAMFORTH, STATION ROAD, HOLMFIRTH, YORKSHIRE.
vill. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. —~~ NEW LECTURE LANTERNS. —~—“>>
No. 2. FOR INCANDESCENT GAS.
oe FOR AS eS INCANDESCENT. Ei
Di i
f=
ee
ct
Japanned metal body, very compact, flashing shutter to lens. sight hole to door, with open stage, brass burner support, complete, and fitted into
very neat jJapanned tin case. Handsome metal body Lantern, Russian Iron Lamp (reflector lined) and PRICE Cow!, with open stage and sliding front, complete in japaoned tin case.
Fitted as specification above, without burner .. £1 5s. Gd. PRICE—Fitted as specification above, without burner .. £2 23.
1898-99 GREATLY IMPROVED.
No. 1a._IMPROYEMENTS. Greatly reduced size. Very neat appearance. Open Stage. Flashing shutter to lens. Sight hole to door. Three-draw chimney fits inside lantern. Handsome japanned case fits lantern exactly.
PRICE —Fitted with three-wick lamp .. £1 5s. 6d.
No. 2a.—Russian Iron. QUITE NEW.
Same pattern lantern as No. ta, but made in Russian Iron, making a very handsome and serviceable lantern.
PRICE —Fitted with three-wick lamp, £1 15s.
No. 1.—JAPANNED TIN, all brass front.
PRICE. Fitted with three-wick lamp .. .. £1.
No. 2.—RUSSIAN IRON, all brass front,
complete in japanned tin case.
PRICE. Fitted with three-wick lamp .. £1 10s.
“PRIMUS” FOLDING LANTERN (Patent).
Supplied complete for limelight, but can also be fitted for either [iW incandescent gas or acetylene gas if desired. Complete with interchangeable blow-through and mixed limelight Jet, in stiff mail cloth carrying case.
=
i PRICES—Ordinary Pattern, £4 4s.: Aluminium Pattern, £6 6s. ; Long Focus Pattern, £6 68.
W. BUTCHER & SON, BLACKHEATH, LONDON S.E.
1898 Catalogue of Lanterns and Appavatus Free. Liberal Discounts to Dealers. Dealers supplied with every Lantern Requisite.
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
castle plainly visible on the summit. Gradually the ship begins to rise and fall upon the waves, which roll over each other in the foreground of our view, and the back portion of the picture containing the ‘horizon and the sky moving panoramically causes a change. from day to night to take place, the rays of the moon marking a silvery path on the waters. The land has passed out of sight, and the ship is tossing slowly in the midst of the moonlit sea ; presently the sky lightens up on the left, small clouds are seen, it is evidently daybreak, and as the light increases a distant headland comes into view, and presently the town of Calais with its pier lies before us, and our journey is at an end.
It will be seen from the accompanying draw- ing (which it may be mentioned is carefully made to scale) that the manner in which these motions are obtained is exceedingly ingenious, and the more so as the whole is actuated by one handle. There are three separate motions—a lever for the ship to toss, a double eccentric for the wave movement, and a long screw motion to move the panorama.
A glance at our diagram will show better than pages of written description how these different
parts are all connected with the main handle, |
but it must be explained to make matters quite clear that the water is entirely painted on the two eccentric glasses, there being no painting upon the lower portion of the panorama. The lever is occupied by the ship, while the distant water, the sky, and the two small landscapes at either end of the journey are depicted upon the long moving panoramic glass, which is secured by a screw to the square block of metal which will be seen on the long screw.
This kind of frame can be utilised in a number of ways, for ‘‘ Crossing the Channel,” Liverpool to New York,” lifeboat scenes, and many others, forming a series of grand one-lantern effects.
It was the intention of the writer when draft- ing this series of articles to work up step by step from the very bottom of the ladder, commencing with the simplest one-lantern effects, and gradually approaching the most elaborate and complicated, but circumstances sometimes render it desirable to modify our original intentions and deviate from a previously marked out course.
We shall soon be nearing the season of plum puddings and mince pies, indigestion, and black draughts, so it occurred to the writer that the description of some decidedly complex effects illustrating the famous Christmas story of ‘¢ Gabriel Grubb and the Goblins,’’ would be not only seasonable but acceptable to the majority of the readers of the Journal; therefore, next month, a clear stage for the ‘‘ Goblins.”
161
Physics for Lanternists.—No. I. Refraction of Light.
By F. J. SCRIMGEOUR.
GF aN WO of the branches of natural science Zg & “ . b, must always be of outstanding interest to - photographers and lanternists—chemistry and physics. — Our brethren of the camera and \ee5) tripod have the first of these brought gx most directly to their notice, while to us it is the second which chiefly appeals. The action of actinic light upon the silver bromide of the sensitive plate, the development of the latent image, the printing of the photo- graph in silver or platinum salts, and the toning of the final result all belong to the great science of chemistry. On the other hand, the position of the source of light, the projection of the illuminated image by means of a series of lenses, and the resulting pictures on the white linen screen are all governed by the
laws of physic.
The examples I have given are connected with that branch: of physics which is called optice ; but there are many other branches whose laws hold sway at every lantern exhibition.
Optics deal with the various changes which a beam of. light undergoes when passing from a dense to a more rarefied substance, or vice versa. In physics the term “ rare’’ is used to denote the opposite of “dense.” Thus air is rarer than water, and under the action of an air pump the contents of a vessel become gradually and increasingly rarefied. So also air is a rarer medium than glass, and upon that fact the whole science of lantern optics depends. Before proceeding further it is necessary to consider shortly the nature of a beam of light.
With the histories of the corpuscular and the undulatory theories I shall not occupy more space than is necessary to say that the former— strongly supported by Newton—-has entirely given way to the latter, and we believe light to travel with a wave motion in which the infinitesimal particles which are affected by it move in a transverse direction to the line of propagation. The old simile is incomparable, aud I make no apology for causing it once more to appear in print. If sawdust be scattered over the surface of a calm pool of water, and a stone be then dropped in the centre, rings of waves originating at the centre of disturbance will proceed outwards until they reach. the side of the pool. The sawdust will heave up and down but will remain otherwise in the same position,
162
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
This then is the relation between the ethereal —
medium and the waves of light ; it is propagation of state without the propagation of matter. The
rate at which light travels is very great, 186,000 -
miles per second, and in all our dealings with it as lanternists we may look upon it as instantaneous.
Having now briefly discussed these few facts
we return to the consideration of the relations |
which exist between light, air, and _ glass. Suppose I place a thick piece of good glass in
FIG LT candle at c look at the flame with my eye at p, the beam of light will then pass directly from the candle to the eye without any practical
alteration. It does so because both c and D lie in the continuation of the ‘“ normal” denser medium, namely, the glass. ment brings us to the first law of optics.
When a beam of light passes from a rarer into
of the |! This state- |
a denser medium it is bent towards the normal, ;
and, as must naturally follow, when a beam of light passes from a denser out into a rarer medium it is bent away from the normal.
The “normal” is a line drawn at right angles
to the surface of the medium from the point :
through which the ray of light passes into it.
If now we glance at Fig. II. we see what is the -
result when c and p do not happen to be in the
continuation of the normal. The ray from c
meets the nearer surface of the glass at 5, and . in its passage through the denser medium is }
bent towards the normal and follows the course EF. It then finds itself once more in air and taking an opposite bend proceeds as-F D; we thus see that the light from the candle does not,
under these circumstances, travel directly to the | It is interesting to note |
eye, but is twice bent. that the eye, realising only the last part of the course, F D, and knowing nothing of the double
i the action of lenses.
| seen in vertical section.
bend, supposes the source of light to be in the same straight line and places the candle top at c; in factthe image of the flame is mere optical illusion. Knowing this important relation between the various media and the passage of a beam of light, we are now nearer the study of Only one other law must first be considered, and that law deals with the case when we have an irregular mass of glass instead of a sheet of uniform thickness. Suppose
: ; the mass of glass to be in the form of a prism— an erect position, as AB in Fig. I., and witha .
which simply means a triangular glass column —then the passage of the ray will beas cE FD in Fig. III. The diagram shows the prism lying on a table with the end towards us. The beam of light passes from the candle flame c to a point on the nearer surface of the glass x. There it is bent towards the normal, © x, and so passes to E, at which point it emerges into air and moves from the line of the normal, F x, into the courser p. As in Fig. II. the ray is twice bent, but now the second change of
direction intensifies the first instead of neutral- ising it. In this we have the key to the action of all lenses, fo we can now state the law that the beam of light is always bent towards the base of the prism. The importance of this law cannot be overrated, for by its truth we can always determine the final form and direction of a stream of light, no matter how many or how
%
fle \
complex be the system of lenses through which
it passes. It will be most convenient, I think,
to study each of the six different forms of single lenses in a separate paragraph.
The double convex lens is the most common
of all, and has the form of a in Fig. IV. when
Its action upon a
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. ix,
ROBERT H. CLARK’S | SFpeciatities in Optical Lantern,
The “RECORD” .. 3 wick 17/6 os 4 wick 18/6 The “SPECIAL” .. . + 8 5, 20/- . 4 , 22/6
4-inch compound condensers, achromatic portrait front lenses, 2-inch wicks to the lamps, and complete in travelling cases.
The “ECLIPSE” .. vs es 3 wick 28/6 dig 4 wick 30/-
The “PROFESSIONAL” .. es 38. 85/6 ais 4 .,, 40/- The Improved ‘ PROFESSIONAL” 3, 40/-- ag 4 , 42/6
iy The “CLIMAX” .. ae 3. 47/6 a 4 , 50/-
Mahogany Body Lanterns, from 64/6.
ROBERT H. CLARK'S
NEW “STANDARD”
LANTERN. Complete in Travelling Case— With 3 (2-in.) wick Lamp .. .. .. 24/-
, 4(2-in.) wick Lamp .. .. .. 26/-
TESTIMONIAL. 35, Hartland Road, West Ham, Essex,
October 25th, 1893. Dear Mr. CLark,—Am glad to inform you that the “ Standard " Lantern sent me gave every Satisfaction, bothas to brilliancy of picture and crisp definition, at ) our lecture last Thursday evening to an audience of @it NX / close upon 500. I cannot too highly exto) the make
Mian ditillial HI ARIIRATH HART ARE TC / and finish of goods sent from your establishment. ——— SAE Faithfully yours, = JAMES A. SPARKES.
ROBERT H. BLARK’S Silver Star” Russian Iron Lantern
As supplied to the ‘‘ Silver Star"’ Society. (The Marquis of Northampton, President.)
Prices from 67s. 6d. FOR FULL DESCRIPTION, SEE CATALOGUE. The following important Testimonial has been received from the Hon. Sec. to the ‘‘ Silver Star’ Society :—
“ My Dear Sir,—After having used your Lanterns at over 300 lectures inall parts of London and the Suburbs, and various country towns and villages, it gives mc much pleasure to say that they have given us the greatest'possiblc satisfaction. Yours faithfully, WaLTeR S. Rowsins.!
ROBERT H. CLARK'S NEW PATTERN RUSSIAN IRON LANTERN. —
Fitted with Stocks’ patent lamp (125 standard candle-power), the most perfect, most powerful, and most portable Oil Lantern ever made. : Price complete £4 10s.
ROBERT H. CLARK’S Specialities in Optical Lantern Slides. Hand-painted from 4d.; Photographic, including Sets, Bible Pictures, Church Service, Texts, Hymns, Scenery, Natural History, Statuary, Portraits, Mottoes,-etc., etc., from 6d. each.
Splendidly Coloured Slides in Sets of 12; price 2/3 per set.
Full-size Changing Comic Slipping Slides in Mahogany frames, 6s. 6d. doz.; Lever Action, 2s. each; Rackwork (including Chromatropes), 2s. 6d. each; Hand-painted Skipping, 2s. 9d. each; Best Quality Double Motion Chromatropes, 4s. 3d.; Extra designs, 6d., 1s., 2s., 3s. per pair.
SLIDES FOR SMALL LANTERNS from 8d. PER DOZEN.
Lantern Stands from 128. 6d. “Lightning'' Double Carrier Frames from 1s. Reading Lamps with Flash Shutter showing Red Light Signal, 2s. Grooved Boxes to hold 50 Slides, 1s. 24. Screens, Screen Stands, and all other Accessories.
New and Enlarged Catalogue, with many reductions in price, gratis and post free, on application to—
ROBERT H. GLARK, ‘orci’ ROYSTON, HERTS.
x. The Optical Magic Lantern sia and Photographic Enlarger. FINE ADJUSTMENT © VALVES FOLDING CYLINDER STAND
| (BRIER’S PATENT)
COPYRIGHT
FOR CYLINDERS— | Sin, diameter, 4/-; 54in..5/-; Tin, 6/6; 9in., 7/6
2, S/- . 3, 10/6
1 j da 2 3 Oxygen, union with internal thread x Passal | Kens |Vulture Viper = ” » » external , Vault | Vesper \Volary Viscount SO Hydrogen ,, ts » left- hand thread) Vei | Vicar re eee ; Vizter | ROPNTIGET. Copsright Folding Lever Key (Murray's Patent), 1/9
METALLIC BELLOWS REGULATOR (BRIER'S PATENT)
PRICE
2 QO/- =
The Seoteh and Irish Oxygen Co, ltd,
ROSEHILL WORKS, POLMADIE, GLASGOW.
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
163
stream of light is made apparent by supposing it to bs composed of two triangular prisms with their bases in contact as shown in B; for we know that every beam of light which passes through the top half must be refracted down- wards, while those which strike the lower half shall necessarily be turned up. The rays passing through each half must therefore meet
each other, and this is what we mean when we say that rays are made to converge when passed through a convex lens. It is therefore clear that light is bent towards the thickest part of the lens, and with this in mind we can at once pronounce the two lenses in Fig. V. to be converging; A is called plano-convex, B is called a converging meniscus. (To be continued.)
Licae =ORo@e< 2s The Lanternist’s Practical Cyclopzdia.*—No. XXIV.
By CHARLES E. RENDLE.
SpectruM.—For the study of the spectrum readers are recommended to such works as ‘Spectrum Analysis," Roscoe, or Shellen's ‘‘ Proctor’s Spectro- scope,”’ etc.
SPIRITS OF W1NE.—Pure Alcohol.
Spirit Jut.—See Oxy-calcium Jet.
Statuary SiipEs.—Photo statuary slides are made more eflective by bringing into bold relief the statue proper, by blocking out all elss.—See Blocking Out.
Staces oF Lanterx.—The metal fronts of optical lanterns are known as the stages, and on them are made and erected the various platforms and supports to receive carriers. runners, lenses, curtain and other apparatus pertaining to the lantern fronts.
Stak DissoLveR.—A name given toa form of dissolver star shaped.—See Dissolving Taps.
SuLpnats.—Salt of sulphuric acid.
TaBLE OF Discs.—See Reference Table.
TABLEAUX VIVANTS, OR LivinG PicturEs.—The grouping of a number of persons in appropriate costume to
represent some interesting vivid scene, and which ;
is brilliantly illuminated by limelight in colours that harmonise with the dressing of the group.
TANKS FOR EXPERtmMENTS.—A most valuable accessory in ,
the educational lantern, and with its aid innumerable experiments are made that otherwise could vot be practised. There are many forms and makes of tanks, which are to be purchased at most of the dealers in
* All rights reserved.
lantern goods, at from say two or three shillings to three or four pounds, these latter having cabinets of accessories to the tank, embracing electrical, chemical, and other apparatus and appliances, enabling’ the operator to exhibit many of Nature's wondera. The maximum density of water, porosity, decomposi- tion of water, acid and alkaline reactions, equilibrium of liquid, precipitation, live fish, beetles and other inhabitants of the pond, electrical storage are a few of the many interesting lessons that are told in a tank.
TEMPERATURE.—That state, as indicated by the ther- mometer, of a body as regards heat and cold.
TrempLates. —See Registration. ;
TERMINAL.—In electrical apparatus the metal screw eye- fiece into which the ends of the cables are inserted and a fixed.
TinteD Cover Giass.—A lantern slide can be instantly tinted by using cover glasses specially prepared for this purpose. They are procurable for sunlights, sunsets, water and other effects, and will be found well adapted for the purpose for which they are intended.
Tirtinc SripEs.—The titles of lantern slides may be written on the margins of mats, masks or binding strips.
THEATRICAL LIMELIGHT.—See Limelight Box. -
THERMO CHEMISTRY.—That branch of chemistry which treats of the development of heat by chemical action.
THERMOMETER.—An instrument for measuring tempera- ture, which is done by noting the expansion of some substance, liquids and gases being mostly used; the expansion of solids are less marked, mercury being mostly employed. A cylindrical glass bulb at the end of a long tube is partly filled with the liquid; when a rise in temperature takes place the mercury expands, which forces it up the tube, when the temperature falls the effect on the mercury is the reverse and it recedes. The many names of thermometers are mostly those of the inventors or introducers, and the difference in them being chiefly the number of parts into which the table shall be divided between what is called freezing point and boiling point. Take as an example the Centigrade thermometer, which is divided between these tem- peratures into 100 deg. The tube containing the mercury is laid in melting ice and the point marked on the tube to which the liquid goes back to, this is the freezing point, 0 deg.; it is then placed in the direct steam from boiling water under ordinary atmos- pheric pressure, this point is also marked aud termed boiling point. The tube between the marks is next equally divided into 100 parts, and so marked for the guidance of reading temperatures. The above rule also applies to other makes of thermometers.
TRANSPARENCY.—A picture seen by light passing through it from bebind. A lantern slide is a positive trans- parency.
TRANSPARENCY EaseL.—An easel principally used for elide colouring, and consists of an easel capable of being set at varying angles, on a flat, opal or white base. A retouching desk may be described as a transparency easel.
TRipLe UANTERN.—The lanternist who is fortunate to possess a triple instrument wants but littlein the form of instructive hints, because by the time the ambition rises to such a colossal pitch, the general knowledge of lantern matters is somewhat extensive, and broadly speaking the management of the single instrument leads to understanding the double, so from double or bi-unial to the triple, the only difference ia these last two being in the extra care required in working or
164
manipulating the gas jets and dissolving taps. Some- times for the dissolving arrangements one six-way and one four-way dissolvers are used, and when this is so
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
tbe lantern with the four-way tap is best kept for the | effect pictures, as when this is 80, only one lever need ©
be worked for dissolving, the third lantern being reserved as stated, for a rising sun or moon, snow, rain or other effects. If, however, effects are introduced with every second picture, as is sometimes the case, then three four-way taps are handiest. triple lanterns that the operator needs his wits most
about him, but success is ensured by studying asystem !
in working and sticking to it as it were automatically,
and at the same time maintain a self possession and :
reserve, that fits one for any emergency. Tai-untan LantERN.—An apparatus where the top
lantern is made to detach from the other two, and go :
be used singly. Tripop LanTern Stanp.—ftrong collapsible tripods are
made for lantern purposes, and are convenient when travelling.
TRIPLE TELESCOPIC OBJECTIVES.— Objectives in mouats
It is with the :
with a triple set of racks and pinions for lengthening ;
purposes, and which dispenses with the ordinary loose tubes. . These mounts are supplied with sets of double combination achromatic lenses for short or long focus.
Tunina.—-See Rubber Tubing.
Yactum.—A space where no material substance exists. By means of an air pump the air can be taken from a vessel or enclosed space, and thus leave a vacuum. The most perfect vacuum known is that discovered by Torricelli, about 1640, and still called ‘‘the Torricellian Vacuum.” He filled a tube sealed up at one end with quicksilver, and after removing all air bubbles, inverted the open end into a basin of the same liquid, which, after slightly oscillating up and down, came to rest, leaving a vacuum at top, and by this discovery the barometer was perfected.
Varour Lamp.—A lamp in which the vapour benzine, ether, or other volatile is used in place of oil.
VeRTICAL ATTACHMENT.—In the science lantern the optical portion of the apparatus is built vertically instead of horizontally, and by which means objects and slides, together with numerous experiments, can be shown on the ceiling or screen in a manner that could not be shown under ordinary conditions.
Vout,—The unit of electro-motive force or electric tension is the volt.
Water, next to air, is the most important substance in Nature, and is composed of: Hydrogen, by volume 2,
asbestos tipped wicks are recommended, and where special lamps are made by certain firms, it it best only to use the wicks supplied by those firms, as the burners in the lamps are made to gauges corresponding with the wick. The trimmers also are preferable to scissors, the jaws are strong and not likely to buckle in the cut.
X Rays.—See Réntgen Rays.
ZeRo.—The cipher point in the centigrade and Reaumur thermometers at which the freezing point of water is fixed, and from which the rise or fall in temperature is taken.
Zrpconta.—-An oxide of the metal zirconium, generally in the form of a fine black powder, but when agglome- rated by a process of compression, can be moulded into cylindrical sticks, and a variety of other forms suitable to submission to the flame of oxyhydrogen jets without fusion or destruction, and it is further stated by a French scientist that he preferred zirconia to lime for the oxyhydrogen light, in consequence of his being able to set his apparatus aside after an exhibition for an unlimited period, and at any time light up the gases again, and at once get the same intensity of light—providing always that the position of the zirconia to the jet be the same—as he did a week or a month ago owing to its indestructibility. The light is not so white as from lime, and its cost compared to lime is something considerable.
. ZorTroPE.—A scientific toy or optical instrument in the
by weight 11:1 per cent.; Oxygen, by volume, 1, by :
weight 88°9 percent. It can be formed by mixing these two gases, on applying a light when they combine with a loud explosion. For photographic purposes the water should be chemically pure, and free from iron,
limes, and such ingredients as may prove injurious to .
the working of the many preparations in the photo- grapbic laboratory, and is principally the reason why distilled water must be used more specially in mixing.
WEIGHTs, ScaLrEs AND Merasures.—Students should provide themselves with a pair of scales with glass pans, & set of weights for apothecaries’ weight, solid mea-ure, and a set of three or four glass measures, marked for apothecaries’ fluid measure. A minim measure up to 1 dram, a dram measure up to 1 ounce, and an ounce measure up to 1 Ib. will be found useful sizes.
Wick AND TRIMMER.—The best wicks to use for oil lanterns are those sold by the lantern dealers, they being the best form manufactured and the proper sizes. This latter is a great boon, as half the success of the light is dependent upon properly fitted wicks ; the
form of a cylindrical metal drum, open at the top and revolving on a pivoted pedestal. Slots or peep holes are cut about an inch apart, round the walls of the cylinder, above the centre line, and pictures of animals and other objecte placed round the inside below the centre line, which when viewed through the slots as the drum revolves, appear as it were endowed with life. It may safely be said that the zoetrope is responsible for the building up of cinematography, the effects pro- duced by the latter being identical with those of our
optical toy. ae SODA.
A Photographer’s Tour in a Gipsy Van.
By T. PERKINS.
HAVE been spending some weeks this summer in a novel fashion, travelling from place to place in a “living van,” similar to those used
Ny, by gipsies. My chief object was to
Ze) lecture on behalf of a society founded
o in the interests of animals, the com-
mittee of which considered that a van tour might considerably help in the spread of its views in districts which could not be equally well reached in any other way. I am not going to enter into details of this work in a journal devoted to photographic -and lantern matters further than to say that as the lectures were delivered for the most part in the evenings, and the days were occupied chiefly in moving from place to place, or sometimes in taking short railway journeys to neighbouring towng
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
Se
NEW HALF-PLATE and 7x5 in. CARTRIDGE KODAK.
Equally efficient for Hand or Tripod use.
FOR 7 < Sins. PICTURES ON FILMS, WHICH ARF CHANGED IN DAYLIGHT.
ADAPTED ALSO FOR GLASS PLATES 7 Sin. or ob x 4in. IN PLATE HOLDERS,
Cartridge Kodak open.
EASTMAN’S
Marvellously compact and portable, Only 3) inches thick when closed, Every necessary mevemcnt.
No. 5 CARTRIDG
Rising, falling, and sliding front. Rapid rectilinear lens with iris diaphragm. Triple action pneumatic release shutter,
Price #7 Zs. Can be fitted with high quality wide-angle lens. Price £1 11s. 6d.
No. 4 CARTRIDGE KODAK, like the above, but for pictures 5 x 4 ins., on films
and plates. £5 Ss.
KODAKS TO SUIT ALL PURPOSES from £1 1s. Illustrated Price Lists free. EASTMAN wciitts Materials Co., Ltd., Head Office and Warehouse:
43 Clerkenwell Rd., LONDON, E.C.
Retail Branches: (0 Cheapside, F.C., 115-117 Oxford Street, W., and 171-173 Regent Strect, W.
There is no Kodak but the Eastman KODAK.
Cartiidge Kodak closed,
xii. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
MES LANCASJER
THE LARGEST MAKERS OF PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS IN.
Complete Lists, 4d.
‘«STEREO INSTAN’
ee 7 3 h I tograph is a n LANCASTER’S “LE MERVGILLEUX ” (Patent). LANCASTER'S “LE MERITOIRE ” (Patent). ah ee Sutter, best
3-plate, 21/- ; 4-plate, 42/-; 1-plate, 63/- i-plate 31/6 4-plate, 63/-; dplate, 90/- Slide measures .
LANCASTER’S Mi
(For Enl To enlarge up tol-plate .. oe 1 mr » plate ..
a » qplate ..
‘5 n ox Bplate .. | ‘ 5 I2xYoplate .. |
LANCASTER'S BRASS BOUND “SPECIAL INSTANTOGRAPH ” (Patent). i-plate, 59/-; A-plate, 10D/-; j-plate, 150'-
LANCASTER'S “‘LADIES’” CAMERA (Patent). Folding up like a Recticule. i-plate, 42/-; 3-plate, 84/-; }-plate, 126/-
LANCASTER'S “STOPIT.” Cloth-covered Camera, with Achro. Lens,
“Iris” Shutter, Double Metal Slide Carrying LANCASTER'S NEW HAND CAMERA,
LANCASTER'S HAND MAGAZINE CAMERA, *“*THE ROVER" (Patent).
- Carries twelve plates or films. Simplest ever made. “THE KAPAWL” (Patent). Shutter always set—any speed, —
For Roll Films only 24/- 3-plate. 63/-: 4-plate, 105/-
3-plates, 10/6. Do. with three Metal Slides, 21/-
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. xiii.
& S O Opticians, ay BIRMINGHAM.
THE WORLD. UPWARDS OF 185,000 CAMERAS SOLD.
oy i] te is) 0, f t) wz ) 4 m a 4 t & gz yj % iv) - 0 = e fOGRAPH.” oo : scien ee : ‘ . LANCASTER'S ‘‘FOLDING INSTANTOGRAPH " ost excellent apparatus, P “enses and Stand. The LANCASTER’S “INSTANTOGRAPH " (Patent). (Patent). a 83/- h-plate, 42/;; #-plate, 84/-; 3-plate, 126/- }-plate, 42/-; }-plate, 84/-; j-plate, 126/- SSS, Bie i (a !
ULTUM-IN-PARVO" CAMERA irging and Reducing). 0j}6 | Toenlargeuptot5x1z2plate .. 40/
15'- 7 » »-20x16plate .. T5S/- q ' 21) i‘ ” fyxzoplate 1. 84/- LANCASTER'S 78 ” 30x24 plate .. 105/- “CYCLO INSTANTOGRAPH " (Patent).
The Cyclo Instantegraph, with Instantaneous HIRE i Lae en pences Sane ole and Lester Dou \ TAL , Slides, 3 plate, 42/- LANCASTER'S ‘INTERNATIONA ( . SE ee OO hehe. Seat a Deer cl Lplate, 50/- ; }-plate, 100:- ; L-plate, 150/- For Horizontal or Vertical Pictures.
LANCASTER’S ‘(PERFECT OMNIGRAPH”
LANCASTER'S HAND CAMERA (Patent).
“THE OMNIGRAPH” (Patent). Covered in best Leather, Instantaneous Lens, Patent
ERA PANE Za Carts sis 4-plates. Cloth covered 24/- Leather- “See Say |, SUNT, Rese, with three Metal
HAND CAMERA ‘THE ZOEGRAPH.” covered, 25/- Superior leather-covered, every Ci-40. or Changing Box, Oe eniy Six plates orfilms. working part hidden best lens, etc., 31/6 Slides, or Pilate ADT gaits oa
2-plate, 6B/-; 4-plate, 105/-
XIV. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. oo Maker of High-Class Optical Lanterns. IMPORTANT << LIMELIGHT USERS!) ye Re. BEARD,
BEARD'S REGULATORS are the most perfect . Regulators for producing the Best Light with Compressed Gas.— Price 30s.
vex BORLAND’S xa
PATENT SCISSORS ARC LAMPS
Direct and Alternating Currents.
m BEARD'S PRESSURE GAUGE, fitted with Schaffer’s & Budenberg's Patent Spring Back and Steel Tube, 80s,
BEARD'S NEW JET.
Made in Three Types Maker of the Perfect Cinematograph. Fitted to any Lantern Hand Feeding. Can be seen Working. Films Supplies.
Self-Striking & Hand | 10, Trafalgar Rd., Old Kent Rd., S.E.
Feeding. (Five Doors South of Lord Nelson.) The“ Dot.” The only auto-
matic Arc Lamp in the Established 1886. market which fits all ordi- — nary Optical Lanterns on the limelight tray without any alterations . )
Invaluable for Theatrical Purposes, Lantern Projections, Enlarging, ° Printing, and Photographing. | t Qa nt S|} rm S 10 S$ M 2) k S| ig
. — e Prices, Particulars, and Testimonials free on application to— a nd GC olourist,
F. J. BORLAND, 103, ALBERT ROAD, BATTERSEA PARK, 4 Sheepscar Grove, LEEDS. LONDON, S.W.
THE GREATEST LANTERN NOVELTY IN THE MARKET
IS THE
RERIAL GRAPHOSGOPE
BRUCE’S PATENT),
Showing Lantern Pictures in SPACE and BOLD RELIEF without a Screen, and weird Ghost Effects and Fairy Like Visions.
Exhibited with enormous success at the Soirees of the Royal Society, The Royal Institution, Royal Photographic Society, Society of Arts, British Association, Crystal Palace, Birmingham and Midland Institute, etc., etc.
Supplied to Owen’s College, Manchester; Queen’s Theatre, Manchester; Hermann’s M igical Entertainment, New York, etc., etc.
Amongst the Special Subjects introduced are the Spectral Air Drawn Dagger scen by Macbeth,
Faust’s Vision of Marguerite in the Walpurgis Night Scene, Blue Beard's Closet, The Phantom Ship,
The Spectre Cat, The Animated Spirit Hand, The Apparition, The Decapitated Head Resuscitated etc., etc.
The Apparatus can be purchased outright or let out on hire. Exhibitions can also be arranged at all kinds of Entertainments, Soirees, Photographic Exhibitions, etc., with Experienced Operators.
The Inventor, Mr. ERIC STUART BRUCE, M.A., Oxon, F.R.Met.Soc., can also accept Engagements for his Eminently Successful and Elaborately Illustrated Lecture on the Subject.
For Prospectus and Unanimous Complimentary Criticism of the entive London Press, apply to
E, S. BRUCE, Esq, 19, Campden House Road, Kensington, London, W, .
while the horse was resting, I had some opportunities for exposing plates and obtaining negatives, from which, in due course, lantern slides will be made.
The tour has suggested to me how thoroughly delightful a holiday might be spent by anyone who could travel in a van and devote all his time to photography. The ideal party for such a tour would consist of two, a married couple ; for the presence of a lady, with her feminine taste and skill in catering, would add greatly to the charm of van life. I know such a couple, a painter, whose work is to be seen every year at Burlington House, and his charming wife, who, to keep up the character,
dresses in gipsy style,
with red apron and red handkerchief bound round her black hair; and a right handsome gipsy she looks, with her healthy sunburnt face and ungloved hands, rings and bangles, ready to tell your fortune in true gipsy style.
- Their custom is to hire horses to take the van to some spot near that selected for the painting of pictures—choosing a field or common within reach of some farmhouse, whence eggs, milk, bread, and other needful articles of food may be obiained—and to stay in the same spot perhaps for several weeks, for the painter’s work requires time.
The photographer would probably prefer to keep moving on, doing on an average perhaps about 10 or 12 miles a day; ‘not a rapid rate of progress”” my readers may exclaim, but in its very slowness lies its chief charm. It is not the railway traveller, or the tourist in the char- a-banc, which rushes on at breakneck speed with its four fast horses through lovely scenery, who really takes in and enjoys the beauties of nature; certainly not the scorching cyclist, whose object seems to be to boast of the number of miles he has covered in an hour or a day ; but the pedestrian, who saunters on, stopping when and where he feels inclined. The only dis- advantage the pedestrian labours under is the load he is forced to carry, and this load does at times become a veritable burden, despite any amount of energy that one possesses. Now the van method of travelling has the advantage of leisurely progress combined with absence of the labour of acting as a beast of burden, and this latter advantage will be felt more by the photo- grapher than by the ordinary tourist, who has nothing beyond toilet requisites and change of raiment to carry.
The van will carry a camera of any size, which throughout the day may be kept attached
to the tripod ready for immediate use, a good |
7 The Optical. Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
165
supply of plates and all requisites for developing the plates, a printing frame or two, a tube of platinum paper, bottles of oxalate of potash and of glycerine, and a brush for developing the prints ; thus not only can the plate be developed immediately after exposure and before leaving the place, so that if anything is wrong a second exposure can be made, but if so desired a print may be taken and the effect judged before the neighbourhood is left. This, for important pictorial work, is a great convenience.
And now I will briefly describe the van and the method of life in it. The van we hired for our lecture tour, built for a church home mission society, was not an ideal one—its great drawback was its weight, 30 cwt.—as although
it ran lightly and a moderately strong horse
would take it along a level road with ease, sometimes ‘breaking into a trot of its own accord, for it was against the principles of our society to use a whip, yet when we came to hills we had to get extra help, a thing not always to be had if the hill was not near a village. I am, however, of opinion that by judicious planning the weight might be con- siderably reduced, so that it would not greatly exceed a ton. Our van was provided with a heavy coal cooking range, and had a well for coal; this was a great mistake, several hundred- weights would have been saved by using an oil stove, which would have occupied
far less room
and have been more convenient in every way.
The right horse for such avehicle is not easy to meet with in the country; what is needed is one of those powerful animals that one sees drawing the brewers’ drays in London or the railway goods delivery vans in many towns. The best plan therefore would be to hire a horse for the tour, at a probable charge of about 30s. a week.
Our van was well provided with lockers along each side, on which cushions were laid forming comfortable seats or lounges, there was also a board hinged at the bottom so that it could be let down to form a bed at night and drawn up against the back wall of the van by day, shutting in the bedding in a space provided for it. Cupboards for various articles, a basin with waste pipe and plug such as one meets with in lavatories but with a hinged cover of wood which when let down formed a table, shelves for books, hooks on which to hang various things, sliding doors in the front to make all cosy for the night, a kind of platform outside the doors with seats sufficient for three, and an awning overhead to keep off sun or rain com- pleted the van, Instead of earthenware we had
166 our plates, cups, and saucers of enamelled metal. For photographic purposes the van could easily be turned into a dark-room either by entirely blocking up the windows and using a lamp, or by covering one of the windows with non-actinic paper and completely darkening the rest.
(To be continued.)
SOC ee
By J. H. BALDOCK, F.C.S.
O many people take small pictures at the present time, either as snap- shots, or because a small camera is so much easier and lighter to carry than a large one, that some fairly easy means of making them larger
is, perhaps, more than ever necessary. The first question which arises is, what kind of negative is most suitable for the purpose, because all negatives are by no means so. It obviously must be sharp, because if off-sharp to begin with it will, when enlarged, be still more so ; next, it must not be a hard, i.e., soot-and- whitewash negative, but a soft one, with good gradation; a negative that will give a good silver print, or even a good bromide print, is not necessarily suitable for enlarging.
The second question for consideration is, what kind of paper to use. There are, as you know, many kinds obtainable, such as rough, smooth, ordinary, matt and glossy surface, rose enamel, etc., and in selecting you must be guided by the negative you are going to use, though probably you would not employ rose or enamel for anything but portraits. Personally, IT have a predilection for matt-surface papers, if for no other reason than you can look at them in any light without having reflections.
The third question is, what kind of lens is to be employed, and here I do not agree with a statement frequently to be met with, 7.e., that the enlargement should be made with the same lens as the negative is taken with. A portrait, or a rapid rectilinear lens is better than a single lens, and its focal length should be from 1} to 14 times the length of the plate. If using a condenser, to which further reference will be made presently, you will, I think, find that it is necessary to use a somewhat long-focus lens, otherwise the diameter of the glass is not sufficient to pick up properly the cone of rays coming from the condenser; for instance, if
“*Extract from Lecture at Sutton Scientific and Literary Sociaty.
- calculations.
' his “Optics of Photography.”
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
using an 8} inch condenser, you will find great difficulty in obtaining even illumination with a 5$ inch lens of 1 inch diameter, but with a 9 inch lens of 14 inch diameter you will have no trouble.
The fourth point to consider is the source of light. Now, of course, daylight is the handiest and cheapest, but it is also the least reliable, because, while there may be an absence of clouds when you make your trial exposure, and
Enlarging on Bromide Paper.* | by working quickly you think you are all right,
and pin up your paper, yet no sooner have you started the exposure than, quite unseen by you of course, a cloud comes along and upsets your Nevertheless,
good enlargements
can be, and constantly are, obtained by this method, it being essential to use a reflector placed at an angle of 45 degrees to the negative, such as a piece of opal glass, to work with an aspect facing N., N.N.E., or E., and to be sure that no trees or houses interfere with the even illumination of the negative by the reflector. But obviously, to those who can only work in the evening, this source of light is debarred, and substitutes have to be found, and fortunately there are two which answer admirably, i.e., the incandescent mantle, which requires a reflector, and the limelight, which requires a condenser.
Lhe fifth point for consideration is the distance which must separate the negative from the lens and the lens from the sensitive surface of the bromide paper. These distances will depend upon two things, 7.e., the focal length of the lens to be employed, and the number of times the enlargement has to be, and I cannot, I think,
' give you this more plainly and concisely than
in the words of the late Mr. J. Traill Taylor in At page 114 (1892 edition) he says: ‘‘1. Add one to the times of enlargement for reduction required, and multiply the sum by the equivalent focus of the lens. The product is the length sought for. 2. To find the other conjugate focus, divide the equivalent focal length of the lens by the times ot enlargement (or reduction) required, and add it to the equivalent focal length. The sum is the length sought for. Thus, for an enlarge- ment of four times with a 9 inch lens, the formula would be 4+1 x 9=45 inches from lens to paper, and 9 4+49-11} inches from negative to lens.”
The sixth point for consideration, and it is a very important one, is the exposure, which is, in enlarging, as in negative-making, the one unknown quantity. Unfortunately, no hard-
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
MAGIC LANTERN JOURNAL Almanac and Annual,
—— 1898-99.
EDITED BY -
J. HAY TAYLOR.
CONTENTS.
Acetone in Development Acetylene Gas, Something Worth Knowing About Acetylene Gas Jet, How to Make an (illustrated) 3 Acetylene, Progress of .. Advertisement Index Bags and Boxes Box, A Hold-all (illustrated) . Breaking of Lamp Glasses, The Candle-Power of a Light, On Ascertaining the .. e Church, The Lantern in (illus- trated) Cinematographs, come to Stay ? Combination ze Condensers and Developers Contributors, Names of Copying and Slide Making . Copying Stand, A Home Made Cracked Condensers Developer, A Useful Diagrammatic Slides Dignity of the Lantern, A Plea for the Dodges for Lanternists, ‘Two . Don’ "ts, A few to be observed in Preparing Slides and in giv- ing Lantern Exhibitions .. Duty, Is the Lantern Doing its Elevation of the ‘Lantern, The Enlarging Apparatus, A Cheap Home-made (illustrated) Experience F Formula, various Four-Wicker, Life, Death and Burial of the (illustrated) . Gas Purifier (illustrated) 7 Known but Seldom Practised.. Lantern, A Chat about the
Have they
PAGE. 77 | 44!
128 | 64
19 12x 123 133
100 94 89 17 | 95 117 120) | 43 82
35 80
87 |
III
116
106 66 178 | 82 | 63 | 68 98}
Now Ready, Price 2s.
Bound in Cloth,
2s.
6d.
Lantern as an Educator, The ..
Lantern Exhibitions in Daylight
Lantern Slides, Rapid and Inexpensive Method of Pro- ducing (illustrated) ..
Lantern Stand and Desk Trunk
Lantern Stand (illustrated)
Limelight Jets ..
New Zealand, A Trip ‘with a Lantern through res .
Novelties .
Optical Lantern, ‘Best ‘Results, how Obtainable
Phonographic Information
Polarised Light, Demonstration of the Laws of (illustrated)
Position and Prospects of the Lanternist (illustrated)
Preface
Preservation of ‘Negatives and Prints..
Projection ‘of Small Slides
Quantity of Gas in Cylinders (Table)
Reference Table for Lanternists
Rubbish Sold Under Name of
Lanterns Scraps... a ve Since Last Season as
Slide Carrier, A (illustrated) .
Slides from Book Illustrations
Stereoscopic Pictures,A Plea for (illustrated) ..
Spectrum, Simple way ‘of Pro- ducing a :
Summer Evening ‘Lantern Lectures (illustrated)
Tilting Table and Cylinder Stand (illustrated) ..
Us to You
Use of Plain Glass ‘Lantern Plates se
Post Free,
Post Free, 2s. 10d.
PAGE.
g2 88
71 122 69 33
56 163
47 49
134
4o 13 IIO 102
161 162
130...
75 IT4 60
go
104
xv.
2s. 4d.
London: MAGIC | LANTERN “JOURNAL CO., Ltd., a ‘Carthietait Street, EC.
xvi. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
Telegrams: ALL GOODS
“LANTERNS, BRADFORD.” SUPPLIED WHOLESALE AND RETAIL.
Trade Discounts on Receipt of Trade Card. fy
Tripod Stand,
0 ARR WU Price 21/- The “Praestantia"” and Lawson Saturator. Price £5 10s. Od. NEW SETS, "SLIDES. LANTERNS. SEASON 1898.9. FILMS.
Cuba and the Cubans, Spanish-American War,
North and North Central Spain, South anid South Central Spain, European Russia,
Lakes of Killarney.
ACCESSORIES. CINEMATOGRAPHS
Lawson Saturators.
OXYGEN & ACETYLENE
Six Sets on English Chureh
History. GENERATORS. Giant Intemperance. a &C., &C. lllustrated Songs. =.
New Parables. &e., &e.
——
, 7 ni : Cala
Catalog ves, 6d. N Huve Lists, Gratis.
Operators’ Guide, 24d.
: il : ‘y meee 1! u $ a at lh | E | i ri be
Lawson Saturator, Price 50/- “Monarch” Bi-unial’ and Cinemat graph,
ALL Post FRExr,
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
167
and-fast rule can be laid down to indicate what the correct exposure is, because it depends on so many factors, viz., the density of the negative, the degree of enlargement, the focal length of the lens, the intensity of the light, the sonsitive- ness of the bromide paper, and the size of the stop used. With reference to the second and fourth of these factors, it must be borne in mind that ‘the intensity of the light varies inversely as the square of the distance from the source of light.” But, though all this looks very formid- able when set down in black and white, yet in reality, and in practice, it is comparatively simple and easy. A little experience with negatives of his own making will soon indicate to the worker the approximate exposure, and then, by means of trial slips,
pinned diagonally
across the picture, so as to embrace, as far as possible, all the gradations, and exposing these slips for different times, say 10, 20, 40, and 80 seconds, and developing the slips, it will soon be seen which of these times is the correct one, or if the correct one lies between either of them. Indications will also be given as to whether any part of the negative requires shading, masking, etc., so as to stop exposure of certain parts, allowing a longer exposure to other parts. Of course, this can only be done when the image is projected on to an easel ; it cannot be done if the enlargement is made in the camera. I have dealt rather fully with this sixth point because of its importance, but I think, with due attention to the details I have indicated, you will not have much difficulty in mastering the uestion of exposure.
The seventh point which, in due course, presents itself is that of development. In this connection | may just mention that bromide paper is not quite so amenable to development, as a compensation to errors of exposure, as are dry plates. Another thing, too, is that more light may be used with bromide paper (except, perhaps, the very rapid brands) than with dry plates; consequently, its development can be carried on with greater safety and comfort in working. There is a good choice of developers, but pyro cannot be used on account of its liability to stain. I do not altogether recommend hydroquinone alone, though in conjunction with metol it forms a capital developer. Ferrous oxalate has always been a favourite, and is still largely used ; the objections to it are two, viz., it has no latent strength, and is useless “for under-exposed prints; and it involves the free use of the acid clearing bath to ensure that no iron is deposited in the fibres of the paper, as
this would stain and ruin the prints. Apart from these drawbacks, and with properly exposed prints, it gives a strong, clear, and brilliant image, of a fine black colour. Two very good developers are amidol and metol, either of which gives good black tones; .they are easy to use, clean, non-staining, and can be used more than:once. Amidol is used with pure and good sodium sulphite alone, while metol requires sodium carbonate in addition ; either require about 2 grains of potassium bromide to each ounce of developer.
Should it be found that some parts of the print do not develop up by the time the rest of the picture is well out, pour off the developer, wash the print (with acid water if iron is being used), and then, by means of a brush, cotton- wool, or the tip of the finger, locally develop those parts which lag behind. In the case of the clouds, tilt the dish, pour in a little developer, and try, by means of cotton-wool, to get detail into the sky. Finally, give the print or prints a good rinse, and fix them about 20 minutes in the acid fixing bath, and then wash thoroughly for about 2 hours.
The eighth and last point to which I have to direct your attention is that of clouds. Now, if a small picture, such as a }-plate, looks bad with a perfectly white sky, and is greatly improved by the addition,
judiciously made,
of suitable clouds, how much more necessary is it in the case of an enlargement, in which nothing looks worse than a vast expanse of white paper, supposed to represent the sky. Proceed as follows :—Throw the image on the easel, and roughly cut out a cardboard mask, following the horizon line fairly correctly ; but, if a tree or church spire project into the sky, these may, as a rule, be disregarded, as they will print over the clouds. Having done this, select a cloud negative, soft and with not too pronounced effect, lighted from the same direction as the landscape, place it in the lantern, cap the lens and make a trial expo- gure, aS indicated under point 6 relating to “exposure”; having found this, pin up the enlargement paper and make the necessary exposure on it, shielding the landscape portion with the already prepared mask, which must be kept moving, and as near the lens as possible. To soften the effect and prevent the formation of a hard line, recap the lens, remove the cloud negative, and replace it by the land- scape negative, the exposure necessary for which has been previously ascertained under point 6; uncap the lens and give this exposure,
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
recap, remove bromide paper, and develop as under point 7. You will probably find that a certain amount of local development has to be resorted to here, as explained under point 7. This, of course, assumes that the sky in the negative is sufficiently dense to print white. Vermilion water colour mixed with gum instead of water may be resorted to.
wae, Cae
Failures and Mistakes. By E. DUNMORE.
cesses would be few, for it is chiefly by contrast that success is appreciated. Photography as an amusement is with the majority \ of workers confined to attempted A picture making, the results of which are sk inevitably either bad or good—mostly the former ; but it is from the lessons taught by these failures that an intelligent worker will raise himself or herself from mediocrity to per- fection so far as it can be attained, learning much niore by failures than by any other mode of teaching. If we fail, we search for the cause of failure, and find either it, or something else that may be of unexpected value. If we find nothing we try again, and rarely our per- sistence is not eventually fully rewarded. Failure may be understood to mean the inability to achieve some preconceived and desired result, owing to causes which at the time are unknown to or beyond control of the operator. The very search for them when systematically conducted is beneficial in itself, and may lead to results more important than the
primary cause
of the search itself; from this point of view failures may be considered excellent things. The habit of tabulating failures by noting on the negative or print concise particulars of its make, etc., form the most useful references—a plan tbat has been frequently advocated, but I am afraid not so frequently carried out. It need not be a very onerous task, for after a few failures, which will probably proceed from causes easily under the control of the worker and afterwards avoided, only the more unusual
failures need be registered ; the greater portion |
of which will soon be understood and remedied, leaving but a few puzzling ones on what we may term the permanent register for useful reference in time to come.
Failures of obscure origin induce more thorough search, and are consequently of more use than when only a few simple tests have to be applied. Let me instance one or two cases. Spots were found on negatives and on prints after fixing and washing that were before un- noticed. The peculiarity of the spots were that they consisted of a minute opaque nucleus with a clear surrounding space on the negative, and entire obliteration of the image on that space. Dust was at first suspected, and every. care was taken with no avail; spots appeared just the same. The plates were caretully examined, solutions filtered, and every precaution that could be taken exercised; still they appeared. Eventually the fixing solution was suspected and tested, when it was found that on a nega- tive or print being placed in it a heavy black crystalline precipitate formed, and wherever a crystal lodged a spot forméd. Prints on P.O.P. were injured in exactly the same manner. The fixing salt was changed, and the fault dis- appeared.
These obnoxious crystals were formed in the fixing solution during its action and at no other period, and unless they lodged on the negative or paper did no harm. They could be collected from the bottom of vessel holding the solution as a dark coloured hard grit. Provided the negative or paper was
fixed face downwards
no harm accrued, and the fixing process pro- ceeded in a normal and satisfactory manner. Here, then, was a rather obscure case of spots that could be produced or not at the pleasure of the operator with the identically same clear solutions by merely altering the position of the surfaces acted upon.
Another fault, the cause of which for years remained unsuspected, was definite lines of fog or insensitiveness across the negative. That was eventually traced to the leather forming the hinges of the dark slides that when newly varnisbed was innocuous, but with wear and tear and the natural surface of the leather being exposed emittéd some kind of exhalation that produced this effect on the - sensitive surface. The discovery led to the adoption of other material for hinges of dark slides. It is an open question, if plates are exposed to the action of leather bellows of cameras whether or no they would be prejudicially affected. With the continual advance in sensitiveness of films, this might be worth considering.
A photographer in real earnest over his work should never be contented with the “good enough” quality when there is a possibility of
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. xvil.
J.H. STEWARD’S
OPTICAL LANTERNS INCANDESCENT GAS, LIME, OR ELECTRIC LIGHT.
aaa a
Ue NEW MODELS FOR SCIENCE WORK -
a Finest Lenses. Best Work. Moderate Prices.
CATALOGUES POST FREE.
C | N E M Giving Beautifully Steady £9 9s. ATOG RAPHI ES, ANIMATED PHOTOGRAPHS, Or with Lantern Complete, S13 10s. to £36. PEST QUALITY FILMS of the MOST INTERESTING CHARACTER and BEST REALISTIC EFFECTS.
The Davenport-Steward Universal Arc Lamp (1897 PATENT) Has perfect adjustments for centering, and will answer perfectly for any current from 7 to 20 amperes, and give any ee Illumination from 500 to 5,000 candle- -power.
COMPACT, eee AND SATISFACTORY
PRICE
£5 5s
COMPLETE.
Best Quality.
Other Patterns, FROM £4 4S.
ILL USTRATED CATALOGUES Gratis, Post Free.
As arranged for “Alternating Currents and As arranged for Direct Currents. = Experimental Work.
NEw EFFECTS OF THE ESPANO- Rue sian WAR- BLOWING UP OF VESSELS, ETC NEw PHOTOGRAPHIC SETS OF THE RHINE, FOREST CANTONS, ~~ GLADSTONE, ILLUSTRATED HYMNS. IMPROVED JETS. ETC., ETC. KOs
406, 457, Strand, W.C.; 7, Gracechureh Street, EG: LONDON.
XViil, The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. ; 3 0 /
li BEST FOR _. BEST FOR... ig} _ Ginematographs. OPTICAL LANTERNS. safetyGauge.. § © + operators. ~
A Staff of Experienced Hands always available for Cinematograph, Lantern, : 3 or Limelight Work, with without Apparatus. Cylinders filled with : 's SESE EN OP MEENGUS Bip pars
the Richest Oxygen j; — made from Chlorate) CINEMATOGRAPH EXHIBITIONS A SPECIALITY
of Potash. = Hundreds of Films in Stock. je
A. CLARKSON & CO, “mZeessee,,245,.
28, BARTLETT'S BUILDINGS, HOLBORN CIRCUS, LONDON, E.C.
THE ‘‘ ABINGDON SAFETY ”’ The STEDMAN-BROWN Reetylene Gas Generator. | Automatic Oxygen Generator.
PATENTED, ‘* BREVETE S.G.D.G."
eo NKO > : on An Oxygen Gas Installation XY
Complete in Itself
An immense success.
No trouble.
No waiting.
Needs no attention when once started.
No gas escapes when lights are turned down.
Water does not spill.
Safe. Simple. Efficient.
Can be recharged when lights are burning.
Acknowledged by prac- tical experts to be the best for lantern work.
Every apparatus tested and guaranteed.
Price 37/6.
THE “MOSS” LANTERN JET will give a brilliant WE. AZ picture 30 feet from screen. Price 10/6. SS eZ EVERY LANTERN DEALER suHovLp stock THEM. PU RE OXYGEN IN 5 Mi N UTES AGENTS WANTED. Equally good for. either travelling lecturers or private
lanternists. Oxygen always ready. Railway companies carry itas ordinary luggage. Full details post free to any art of the world.
Tile Abingdon Acetylene Wuminating Co, fe Ab ngdon Acetylene IMominating Co ’ | F. BROWN, 13, Gate Street, Holborn, W.C. 97, GREAT HAMPTON ST,, BIRMINGHAM. Sole Agents for the Continent. Clement & Gilmer. Paris.
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
doing better. The “good enough” has much to answer for in the amount of mediocre work that is perpetrated.
A dissatisfied mind tends :
to the improvement of work, and the feeling |
that you can always do something better than the best you have done will help to do it. A reputation may be earned of being absurdly fastidious, but the work will be appreciated,
and what is more, will deserve to be so. Were : it possible to see behind the scenes, the number .-
of failures of our most successful men would
appear astonishing when compared with their '
successes, which amply repay for all-the trouble. I might ask how many negatives has anyone out of a twelvemonth’s work that can be called
169
Hand Grenades for Lanternists. By SAFETY.
N these days of scares, owing to slight fires in connection with the exhibition of the cinematograph and the scares consequent on the slightest suspicion of a fire, be it ever so slight, it would be as well,
perhaps, if cinematographic exhibitors
took the precaution of having with their outfit such remedies that will in the case of an accidental flare-up prove effectual—not
_ that there is much fear of any fire, but at the
fairly perfect, and that would not be better for |
some slight alteration or addition from an artistic point of view? Possibly not one. Photographs should be judged by the pro-
ducer after some little time has elapsed, not | immediately they are taken, as novelty insensibly ©
influences opinion, and we are all apt to judge
more favourably of a new thing than of one we ;
have seen several times. | know in looking over my own work there is not one which some alteration would not improve although I had a
much higher opinion of them at first, although |
somewhat short of the ideal I had formed when they were taken. Years ago the estimation of a photograph was by a quite’
different standard
to that of the present day. Mechanical excel- lence was then the chief factor for two reasons, photography was a comparatively new art and very much more difficult; in fact, photography of to-day is child’s play to it. Now, all diffi-
game time if an audience be sure that effectual remedies are at hand it would have a tendency to allay such fears as do exist.
The Paris fire has been the cause of prevent- ing many families from visiting exhibitions of animated photographs, and although this was caused by carelessness with ether, still this and other fires which have occurred have been allied with the word cinematograpb.
Hand grenades are both simple to make and if properly used very useful. Here is a method by which they can be made. Take a thin glass quart bottle, fill this with water in which has been dissolved three-quarters of a pound of ordinary table salt and half a pound of sal ammoniac ; the bottle with its contents is then corked, when it is ready for use. Should a
: slight fire unfortunately occur, this can be
culties of working are overcome and a perfectly .
manipulated negative is looked on as a matter of course, which leaves the artistic phase the only direction for improvement possible, and it is to
this side of photography we look for failures ,
and successes.
Some few men as Rejlander, Robinson and others, even in those days, paid chiefest atten- tion to the art capabilities of the process, and in
_ spite of all difficulties made pictures that claim °
attention even now. John Hubbard spent months -in preparing negatives for his picture ‘““Stolen moments,’ and made innumerable
negatives before he could get the expression he |
required. When he completed it, it was the photographic picture of the year, and was medalled at all the exhibitions at which it was shown when medals were not as plentiful as blackberries.
(To be continued.)
thrown in its midst so as to break it and thus liberate its contents.
This hint may perhaps be found useful for ordinary domestic dwellings, one or more bottles being hung on a nail in the wall of each room.
a AK BS
Manufactured Limes for the Lantern. By L. LEZENSKI.
wa A, HE English readers of the Macic
A ES LANTERN JoURNAL may be vlad to 4 a hear of a manufactured material ia b) much used in thiscountry (Germany)
2 9i{ instead of the ordinary lime for the production of limelight. I cannot say
>» that it is very much used for ordinary wy entertainment use, but for scientific experiments and for microscopic work and pro- jection it has attained an excellent name.”
In the majority of cases this material is
manufactured by the user, although in some
170
. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
cases it can be purchased already made. Those : who wish to make it will require the following |
apparatus or materials: powder (pure), glass tubing, a rod which will go through the glass tubing, corks, distilled water, and platinum wire.
The magnesium powder and some distilled water are placed into the mortar and rubbed until it becomesa stiff paste and can be handled, when one or more short tubes of glass are filled with the compound and pressed in until it becomes somewhat solid or firm. A cork is now
A mortar, magnesium |
put into each end of the tubing, when itcan be ,
set away to harden somewhat. By means of the rod spoken of, this mixture can be pushed out of the glass tubing, and can be cut up into pieces of the length desired by means of a pen- knife, and a fine platinum wire attached. They may be kneaded with the fingers a little and then dried gradually in an oven. placed on the burner and the hydrogen flame only applied the lump will contract and become exceedingly hard. oxygen is turned on the result is an exceedingly intense flame without very much heat.
——:0:
Lhe following List, relating to current Patent Applica- tions, is compiled expressly for the Optical Magic Lantern Journal” by W. P. Thompson & Co., Patent Agents, of 322, High Holborn, London, W.C., to whom all enquiries for further information should be addressed.
No. Recent PaTenT APPLICATIONS.
19336. 12th September, 1898. Wilhelm Simon Penny. Improvements in acetylene gas lamps.
13th September, 1898. Victor Thomas Taylor. Automatic coia in the slot apparatus for viewing animated photographs.
14th September, 1898. Peter Mushet. Improve- ments in and relating to coin freed automatic photographic machines.
14th September, 1898. Alec. Browett. An improved device for generating and burning acetylene gas.
16th September, 1898. John Veda Robinson. Improvements in apparatus for the manu- facture of acetylene gas.
16th September, 1898. Thomas Robert Waite. {mprovements in or relating to acetylene gas generators.
19th September, 1898. Charles Shields McIntire. Improvements in apparatus for generating acetylene gas.
20th September, 1898. John Timothy Brown. An improved acetylene gas lamp with carbide
19494.
195
19.
19549.
19674.
19683.
19845.
19885,
After being |
When a small quantity of :
20660.
/ 21034.
: 21327.
charges and moistening pads for use in ©
same.
20122. 22nd September, 1898. Boo Henning Wallins and Baron Richard de Wendel. Improve- ments in apparatus for generating acetylene
as.
Sith Sentstiber: 1898. Thomas Ansboro and John Fairie. Improvements in instruments of the class wherein so-called living pictures are presented to the eye.
27th September, 1898. Henry Harris Lake. Improvements relating to the production of coloured pictures by photography.
27th September, 1898. An improved acetylene gas generator.
27th September, 1898. Improvements incon- nection with reproduction of so-called animated photographs.
28th September, 1898. Benjamin Howarth Thwaite and Horace Allen. Improvements in apparatus for generating acetylene gas from calcic carbide.
29th September, 1898. Henry Harrington
Leigh. Improvements in automatic optical
projection apparatus or lanterns.
September, 1898. William Phillips
Thompson. Improvementsin or relating to
cinematograph apparatus.
29th September, 1898. Samuel Junior, and Josiah Chandler. ments in acetylene gas lamps.
30th September, 1898. Léo Errera. Improve- ments in the production of slides for optical lanterns.
1st October, 1898. John Fallon Collohan. An
improvement in acetylene and other gas
lamps. .
October, 1898. William Forrester.
improved acetylene gas generator.
October, 1898. Charles Raliegh. Improve-
ments in mutoscopes.
October, 1898. Alexander George Smith.
An improvement on acetylene gas gener-
ators.
October, 1898.
Improvements
generators.
5th October, 1898. George Wiltshire. Improve- ments in apparatus for producing acetylene
20219.
20417.
20430. 20435.
20468.
20542,
20603. 29th
20605. Chandler,
Improve-
20722.
20766. 3rd An 8rd
4th
20802. 20837.
20851. 4th Walter Joseph Grinder.
in acetylene lamps or
20936.
as.
5th rOskibak: 1898. Henry Harris Lake. Improvements in apparatus for the production of acetylene gas.
6th October, 1898. Patrick Alphonsus Martin. improvements in acetylene gas lamps or generators,
8th October, 1898. Augustus Rateau. Improve- ments in chronophotographic apparatus.
8th October, 1898. Salo Troubel. Improvements in acetylene gas generators.
11th October, 1898. Thomas Thorpe. ments in spectroscopes.
11th October, 1898. Edwin Smith. ments in photographic cameras.
11th October, 1898. Auguste Baron. Improved apparatus for taking and reproducing ani- mated scenes and sounds.
11th October, 1898. Chekri Ganem and Gustave Quimeon. Improvements in or connected with opera glaeses or field glasses.
13th October, 1898. Frederick John Glaholm. Improvements in acetylene gas apparatus.
20996.
21191.
21242. Improve- 21329. Improve-
21871.
21413.
21564.
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. ~ = xix.
SLIDE PAINTING COLOURS,
SPECIALLY PREPARED for PAINTING MAGIC LANTERN SLIDES.
In Collapsible Tubes and Glass Pots.
boxes fitted with Varnish Colours .. 5s., 10s. 6d., 15s., and 30s. each. Water e a 2S. 5s., and 2ls. is
” ” ”
‘(A Manual on Painting on Glass and How to Use the Magic Lantern,” Ls. each.
Also Manufacturers of the New Chromo Printed Magic Lantern Slides, #2,2ct Sef, 22 Sliges. 28 im
Price Lists Post FREE, OR CAN BE HAD FROM ANY OPTICIAN.
WOOD CARVING, 7° PEON AM pRIcE LIST ON APPLICATION.
J. Sanwa & SON, Manufacturing Artists’ Colourmen (Retail, Wholesale, and Export), 19, BERNERS STREET, LONDON, W., ENGLAND.
THE PENDANT SATURATOR. Revolution in Jets 11
SE rer eate ABSOLUTE 1S00O0 "| CANDLE-POWER.
No. 1.—For Jets consuming up to 43 cubic feet per hour. : .
2 : hese Jets, which have caused a
No. 2.—For High revolution in Limelight, still lead.
Power Jets, Cine- First in economy, brilliancy, and ease
matographs, etc. of manipulation. Free trial allowed.
So easel Efficiency guaranteed. For Mixed gas Write for particulars | OF ether. and Testimonials. PRICE from 35s.
Write for Gaidiogue to the ieee ere.
J. S. WILLWAY & SONS,
DRAWBRIDGE, BRISTOL. PATENTS and TRADEMARKS.
W. P. THOMPSON & CO s s KY «oiscovery, Lonpon.” +322, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C. = Zelsenone,No., Also at 6, LORD ST., LIVERPOOL; 6, BANK ST., MANCHESTER; LOWER TEMPLE ST., BIRMINGHAM. laa. Patents secured, maintained, defended and worked in all countries. Oppositions conducted, searches made,
opinions on infringements given, and expert evidence arranged. suis Trademarks, Designs and Copyrights secured and defended in all countries granting protection.
Handbook of Patent Law. Tenth Edition. British Portion, 6d. All countries, 2s. 6d
Xx, ' The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
Noakes & NorRMAN
(LATE D. NOAKES & SON), MANUFACTURERS OF HIGH-CLASS
Optical Ikanterns, DISSOLVING VIEW APPARATUS
And CINEMATOGRAPHS.
7& THE #-
“Sunday School” Bi-unial
PRICE £8 8s.
Mahogany Body, All Brass Fronts, Good Lenses, and Travelling Case.
. NEW IMPROVED . .
CINEMA LOGRAPH, £15 complete. 23, Nelson Street, GREENWICH, S.E.
BERin’sSsS OxXxXYGQEN.
For Limelight, Medical, Metallurgical, and other purposes.
OXYGEN of Guaranteed Purity supplied in Cylinders of the Best BRITISH Manufacture,and complying with all the established Trade and Railway Regulations
The public are respectfully informed that all Cylinders which are filled by the Brin Companixs (whether their own or their Customers) are labelled with the Companies’ Trade Mark. This label guarantees the purity of the Gas, and is a further guarantee that the Cylinder has been tested and proved sound in every respect by the Brox Company which has filled it. Cus- tomers who wish to procure BRIN's OXYGEN are requested to see that the Cylinders supplied = TT to them bear this label, which is also stamped with the date on which the Cylinder was filled. => | Ve
The Works of the Brin ComPanixs are open during business hours to the inspection of laeee their Customers, who are at liberty to test the quality of Gas being manufactured, and to watch their own Cylinders being tested and filled. a
rade ark.
Price Lists of Gases, Cylinders, and all Accessories, can be obtained from the Company's accredited Agents, or will be sent Post free on application.
Works—69, Horseferry Road, WESTMINSTER, S.W. MANCHESTER OXYGEN COMPANY, Limited, Great Marlborough Street, MANCHESTER, BIRMINGHAM OXYGEN COMPANY, Limited, Saltley Works BIRMINGHAM.
Addresses—
3th October, 1898. Walter Philip Barltrop. Improvements in acetylene gas lamps.
1dth October, 1898. William-Noman. Improve- ments in apparatus for the generation of acetylene gas.
14th October, 1898. William Friese-Greene. Improvements in taking and in projecting photographic images in means therefor, and in photographic negatives.
14th October, 1898. David Van Praag and Frederick William Harker. Improvements in acetylene generating apparatus and the like.
15th October, 1898. Herbert George Flaxman Spurrell. The improved cinematograph.
15th October, 1898. Frank Theodore Williams. Improvements in lamp burners.
15th October, 1698. Frank Harvey Urry. Im- provements in apparatus for exhibiting pictures of objects in motion.
21691.
SPECIFICATIONS PUBLISHED.
Copies of the following specifications may be obtained by remitting 1/- for each specification to W. P. Thompson & Co., Patent Agents, 322, High Holborn, London, W.C.
11910 of 1898. Soe lamp
of 1898. Gastaldi. acetylene.
1898. Barber. ramic views.
1898. Billwilier and Rosenthal. Generators for the production of acetylene gas.
1897. Ageron and Wirth. Apparatus for the generation and combustion of acetylene gas.
1897. Karpoff: Photographic cameras.
1898. Bollé. Apparatus for generating acety- lene.
1898. Marshall. Lamps.
1898. Noble and Newton. taking and exhibiting moving pictures.
1890. Hedgeland. Acetylene lamps.
1897. Reibel. Devices for feeding the carburet in acetylene gas generating apparatus.
1898. Rosenthal. Generators for acetylene gas.
1898. Manger. Acetylene gas generators. 1897. Wartenweilerand Spengler. Automatic apparatus for the production of acetylene
Acetylene gas generators for
14959 Apparatus for generating
5532 of Apparatus for exhibiting cyclo-
14050 o
i
22648 of
27562 11964
of
of 12276 of 15195 of
16723 o 27300 o'
on
14049 of
17449 23547
of of
gas.
1897. Lundstrom. Preservation of carbide and its subsequent treatment for use in the production of gas.
1897. Pompeo Guadagnini (commonly known as William Johnson). Apparatus for the production and use of acetylene and other gases.
1897. Newman and Newman and Guardia, Limited. Apparatus for producing limelight or the like. ;
1897. Grubb. Apparatus for the generation of acetylene gas.
1898. Boult. Photographic cameras.
1898. Moore and Karr. Acetylene gas lamps.
1898. Gehlert. Apparatus for producing acety- lene gas.
23793 o
=n
23977 of
27541 of
28264
16256 16317 17079
of of of
The (Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
Apparatus for
| een | [CSL SRS SSS S SRSuSs FATS S i} z.
ge Gorrespondence. 3
cone
ISSSHSNSNSNGNSNSGNSNSE TSG2NSGRS>
STEREOSCOPIC PROJECTION ON A LANTERN SCREEN.
To Mr. J. Hay Taylor, Editor.
Dear S1r,—I consider that I am greatly favoured in having replies in last Journal from such great stereo- scopic authorities as Mr. W. I. Chadwick and Mr. Theodore Brown, and I thank them for their kindness, and I am sure they will take in good part what I am about to say, for I feel I have much to learn from them, but at the same time, either rightly or wrongly, I must confess that under the circumstances stated by me, to me at least a sort of stereoscopic effect is given. I will quote Mr. Chadwick: “It is only when two eyes are used with the slightly different picture on each retina that we see stereoscopic.”’ True, but in the case I cited wherrin the cinematographic camera is on the deck of a steamer skirting the shore taking as an instance a great number of boats lying at anchor between the steamer and the shore, one’s two eyes would at no time take in precisely the same view by reason of the boat moving. Here then we have dissimilar pictures which Mr. Chad- wick says ‘‘must be present to the two eyes as in Nature.”” Is not this done when transparencies from these negatives are projected on the screen by means of the cinematograph, for as Mr. Brown states that owing to the eeparation of the eyes “ it would be only every twelfth picture that would be taken from the point at sufficient separation.” If, then, the subject was still life, or in other words the boats spoken of were Jying at anchor, the pictures would be stereoscopic, although there would be several images not actually required, but these would lead up to the next twelfth. I had the pleasure of seeing some short time ago a series of pictures taken under the circumstances I speak of, and to me they had a stereoscopic effect.
- Yours truly, F. A. HOWARD.
FILM PATENT RIGHTS. To Mr. J. Hoy Taylor, Editor.
DEAR Si1r,—Our attention has been called to an extra- ordinarily erroneous paragraph. which has appeared in some London daily papers and other journals. It relates to alleged litigation between Mr. Goodwin, of Newark, U.S.A., and the Eastman Kodak Company of the United States, to settle a claim to the right to the patent in manufacturing & form of photographic film. The state- ment that this claim was settled in favour of Mr. Good- win is absolutely untrue. The comments on this subject that have appeared recently had their origin in an article published four or five weeks ago in a sensational Sunday paper published in Newark, where Mr. Goodwin lives. The statement that there has been any litigation what- ever in recent years between Mr. Goodwin and the Kodak Company is also untrue. The only controversy that the Kodak Company ever had with Mr. Goodwin was in the U.S. Patent Office, and not in the courts, and was decided some years ago in the first instance in the favour of Mr. Goodwin. This decision was, however, soon reversed in favour of the Eastman Kodak Company. The Kodak
“Company has the prior patent, and Mr. Goodwin's patent, which was issued very recently, cannot by any possibility be held to include the subject matter of the Kodak ‘Company’s patent. The Goodwin patent, if it
covers anything, covers a chemical process not in use by
172
the Eastman Kodak Company. The supposition that Mr. Goodwin might have a claim for past profits in the film business is nonsense, because a United States patent does not come into force until it is issued. As for Mr. Goodwin's ability to interfere in any way with the film business of the Eastman Kodak Company, we may explain that if Mr. Goodwin could make any film under his patent, which is extremely doubtful, it would be impossible for him to make it in such form as would be usable in the present, style of Kodaks without infringing the Daylight Cartridge patent of May 5th, 1895, owned by the Kodak Company.
It will thus be seen that the issue of Mr. Goodwin's patent has not the smallest significance as regards either the American or English Eastman Kodak Companies.
We trust that you will please give this explanation publicity in your valuable journal.
We are, dear Sir, ‘ Your obedient servants, THE Eastman Kopak Company.
GEO. EASTMAN, Treasurer and General Manager.
RAILWAY LAWS AND GAS CYLINDERS.
To Mr. J. Hay Taylor, Editor.
Dear Sir,—The moat serious blow lanternists have ever had will be the new railway regulations for carrying compressed gas, which you notify in the September Journal.
Tf it becomes railway law limelight work is doomed, for no sane man will run the risk of a £5 fine and all the accompanying penalties.
Railway officials will be the last to give their consent to cylinders being on the station premises, as I know by bitter experience that they hate the very sight of a cylinder.
Then supposing I got the consent of an official to take & cylinder in—say at Hereford, and I was going to Gloucester—what guarantee have I that the officials at Gloucester won't ‘run me in ” for having @ cylinder on the station premises there ?
In the last two years I (a private lecturer only) have paid over £13 in carriage of cylinders with me by passenger train. I have never sought to scamp payment by smuggling them through in parcels, boxes, etc., but I have honestly paid before starting what I consider an exorbitant rate for their carriage. In addition to this, every time I have signed a blue paper (on the G.W.R. I travel) agreeing to take all risk of transmission.
Surely this was enough. Now we are to be challenged to bring them near the premises, whilst forsooth all the great companies have what is practically a cylinder of compressed gas under every carriage to light it up by; and at the station in the town I live there are two huge cylinders (20 feet long) of this gas in a state of com- pression kept permanently on the line at the station— enough to blow the town up.
We cannot go back to the old gas-bags, oil is useless for & good lanternist, and if this absurd bye-law comes into force many like myself will, I take it, reluctantly have to forego what has been a pleasant and instructive hobby for many years, and one that has brought much grist to the mill of voluntary institutions, church organisations, etc., etc.
Cannot we, as lanternists, make some kind of com- bined attempt to avert the catastrophe ? I have several engagements booked, but how shall I be certain I can fulfil them ? :
Yours faithfully, “ DISGUSTED."
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
4 j Détes and Queries. 9
T. M. writes:—I have two rectilinear lenses, one a -plate and the other a }-plate size. Are these suitable for use in 8 magic lantern, and if so which one would be the best adapted for the purpose?- 4zs.—-The 3-plate lens will be the better one to use.
Amateur.—To photograph an interior of the description you name, it will be necessary to get a wide angle lens possessing very short focus. .
H. Hildyard asks the name of the firm which makes a dissolving tap fora double lantern after the following style :—There are four nozzles all in line to which the rubber tubes are connected to the jets; behind these are two taps with a rod connecting the tap levers, and behind this are two nozzles to which to attach the tubing from the oxygen and hydrogen supplies. Ans.—From the description we infer that you must refer to a dissolving tap made some years ago by Messrs. E. G. Wood, of Cheapside, London. They may make it still, as it was very satisfactory to use,
Satyros.—Your communication, ‘‘ A Word as to Satura- tors,’ to hand, but it is impossible to make room for it this month, but it will appear in next.
Projector—We cannot insert your letter with nom de plume, if we did in all probability the party would take action against us for damages. We note that you express a desire that your name should not appear. The best we can do in the meantime is to see if there are other com- plaints of a similar nature, but you are not obliged to deal with the advertiser, and as you have not sent any Money, we cannot see that so far any fraud has taken
lace. . ‘. Naismith.—We think it would be more satisfactory to make application to the company in which the hall is insured, as it is just possible that they may have churged a premium to cover all such risks as you mention.
Bi-unial.—Yes.
H. Mathieson.—Saturators require drying occasionally so as to get rid of the watery matter left with some ethers. This is probably what is the matter with yours. Open the taps and set it upon a gas or spirit flame for a short time, or if more convenient piace in a heated oven.
C. Francis Jenkins.—We cannot review a book from the list of contents which you send, but judging from this alone we should think it was very good. If you forward the book it shall have our attention.
A. B. Coleman.—(1) For limes, see advertisements in ' this Journal. (2) Six inch condensers are preferable for general purposes, but as you are only working on a small scale why not use your ordinary lantern first, removing the front and also one-half of the condenser? This will fill all your requirements. (3) No book is published on the subject.about which you inquire ; in fact, everything that can be said in connection with it would be prac- tically a few lines.
W. Lightfoot.—We sent copy, as requested, to the Chief Clerk, Liverpool Detective Department. .
I. 0. H.—Write for particulars to the Abingdon Acety- lene Dluminating Company, 97, Great Hampton Stteet, Birmingham.
A. S.—About an hour.
Photaja.—(1) Xylonite Company, 3, Fore Street Avenue, London, E.C. (2) Kaleidoscope in next.
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. xxi.
Well known to be the
BEST CUT, are the and every one exact. No rough To be had in boxes,
edges.
All perfect.
assorted, = or of one shape 1/ only.
Samples by post on receipt of 2d. 144 Binders in box, isz
Everybody says they
black the other,or all black in any of the shapes.
If you cannot get them from your dealer, send 1s. 1d. and the
Address to Sole Proprietors, WOOD BROS.,
73, Lord St, LIWERPOOL.
free, white one side and
Gummed Numbers, White Spots, Lantern Tinters, Dead Black, White"Ink, Uranium Intensifier, Reducer, One
Solution Develoner, 6d. each.
Anti-Halation & Backing Papers, 64.. 9d.. & Is.
Diagram Glasses, is. 6d. doz.
ARTISTIC AND BEAUTIFUL
Lantern Slides
ARE PUHLISRED BY
GRAYSTONE BIRD, Photographer, BATH. Five Prize Medals for Slides.
. NEW SUBJECTS, 1898-9,
Genre. Hay Scenes. Snow. Choice Studies by the Sea. Sunset Effects, Beautiful Series of North Devon (Lee and Clovelly).
A.P. (p. 384) Critique on R.P.S. Exhibition, Crystal Palace, says :—
“ GRAYSTONE Birn hasa large and very varied exhibit of upwards of so Lantern Slides, the technical and artistic quality of which leaves little to be desired.” ia
LISTS FREE.
Lantern Slides of Historical Portraits and Events. 15th, 16th, 17th and 18th CENTURIES. SEND FOR LIST TO . H. de BLOIS-LEACH & CO., Lantern Slide Makers to the Oxford University Extension Lecturers, 3, THE TURL, HIGH STREET, OXFORD.
Slides made from Book Illustrations, Engravings, etc.,on the shortest notice by the Collodicn Process at 1s. 6d. each, cash with order.
TRADE SUPPLIED.
Lantern Slides. 120,000 FOR SALE OR HIRE.
All Slides painted by ARTISTS only. No Daubks. . .
FIFTY LOANED FOR 3s.
SPECIAL NEW SETS. CONQUEST OF SUDAN, SPANISH-AMERICAN War.
Special Illustrated Songs (Life Models).
Lost Chord, Sally in our Alley, Ora Pro Nobis, Auld Lang Syne, etc.
TEMPERANCE PILGRIM's PROGRESS. Reading by Dr. J. J. Ridge.
‘““ProTEsTANT History," Parts I. and II.
PROMPT PERSONAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO ALL. NEW LIST JUST PUBLISHED, Post Free on Application from
H, LUSCOMBE TOMS,
SLIDES, GAS & ENTERTAINMENT CONTRACTOR, 78, Queen Victoria Street, Office of “ Lantern Readings." LONDON, E.C.
Opposite Mansion House Station, and two minutes’ walk from Waterloo Electric Railway.
LEAVE OTHER LENSES AT HOME!
- "IT get more and more pleased with the power which Cooke lenses give in frequent difficult subjects, and would not change them for any lenses at
present made.
TAYLor, TAYLOR: Hopson.
We seldom take any others out now.” RICHARD KEENE, Ltd., Derby.
C. B. KEENE.
Scate Street Works. LEICESTER. AND 10, CHaRING Cross Road, LONDON, W.C.
s
xxii, The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
PHILIPP WOLFF for FILMS.
The latest films. The most marvellous, original and ingenious subjects.
| PROTECTED UNDER THE PATENT LAW. |
Corsican Brothers. Cinderella. I Photographing the Ghost. - Faust and Gretchen. }
CHARGE OF 2Ist LANCERS. . . oudanese Subjects. MACDONALD’S EGYPTIAN BRIGADE. . . se __ SEAFORTH HIGHLANDERS LEAVING CAIRO.
Pj W. Projecting Machines and Cameras for taking films are absolutely the best. Syeda) films taken for Customers. Films developed and positives printed.
Sh f hoto. | Philipp | 30", “a ot Wolff. Paris. || Rooms Rooms, Concerts, etc. | Berlin.
LONDON: 9 & 10, Southampton Street, Holborn.
a ae
SUBSCRIPTION FORM.
To THE MAGIG LANTERN JOURNAL CO., LTD.,
9, CARTHUSIAN STREET. LONDON, E.C.
Enclosed please find
a etait nana ee nny for which send me THE OPTICAL MAGIC LANTERN JOURNAL AND . PHOTOGRAPHIC ENLARGER for twelve months, fost free, commencing ..
Name.
Address
DOE swiamesiotinmSueticie WOO adel danas Ss SNe Gu penetrosttarwwren ee
The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.
Xxiil.
CRETON LIMES
Are unsurpassed for Brilliancy of Light and Hardness of Lime.
The Best and Cheapest on the Market. +. . ONE TRIAL WILL PROVE THIS FACT. Sl l=—
Send for Prices and Particulars to the Manufacturer of the CRETON LIMES,
H. NOYCE, 85, Nunhead Lane, PECKHAM RYE, S.E.
SANDS, HUNTER & Co., Photographic Apparatus and Lanterns,
NEW AND SECOND HAND, BY ALL THE BEST MAKERS.
Lanterns and Operator let out for eveninggenter- tainments for children, &c. Terms Moderate.
20, Cranbourne St., Leicester Square, London, W.C.
Dissolving View Magic Lanterns and Slides
Photographic Apparatus, Scientific Instruments and every description of miscellaneous property- R. J.C. STEVENS begs to announce that he holds Sales of the above, every Friday, at half-past twelve precisely, at his great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, London. Gentlemen wishing to include property in these Sales are requested to send particulars one week prior to sale,
THE
“INJECTOR ”
SILVER LANTERN SCREEN (Patent). Lewis Wright and Anderton’s SILVER SCREEN
For Cinematograph, Lantern, and all other projection purposes.
Using a Silver Lantern Screen is equivalent to doubling the brilliancy of illuminant, whether it be Arc, Limelight, Acetylene, Incandescent Gas, or Oil Lamp, and cost of this great increase is nothing after first outlay.
Each Screen is supplied with Roller and Moulding, and is as portable as-any other.
PRICES, £s. da. £s. a sfeet by5feet .. .. 1 5 O tofeet bytofeet .. 400 6 4 @ sy: ss - 2116 0 12: iy TZ. G5 - 510 0 Zo." 7" - 250 10, 12 - 415 0 Bie 33 Be 55 - 216 0 (For Cinematograph.) 9» 9 » -37 6)
Sole Makers: R. FIELD & CO., 142, Suffolk St., BIRMINGHAM. ESTABLISHED 1817.
DARLINGTON’S HANDBOOKS.
“Sir Henry Ponsonby is commanded by the Queen to thank Mr. Darlington for a copy of his 2 handbook.”
ae ‘Nothing better could be wished for.’— BA British Weekly.
_ “ Far superior to ordinary guides."—Losdost Daily Chronicle, 3s.each. Jl'd. Maps by JOHN BARTHOLOMEW, F.R.G.S. The Isle of Wight. | The Channel Islands. The Yale of Liangollen.; The North Wales Coast. The Wye Valley. ‘The Severn Yalley. Brighton, Eastbourne, Hastings, and St. Leonards. Bournemouth and the New Forest. Bristol, Bath, Chepstow, and Weston-super-Mare.
Aberystwith, Towyn, Barmouth, and Dolgelly.
Malvern, Hereford, Worcester, and Gloucester.
Llandrindod Wells, and the Spas of Mid-Wales.
3S. Gd. net. 60 [lustrations. 24 Maps and Plans.
LONDON AND ENVIRONS. By E. C. COOK, and E. T. COOK, M.AL Llangollen: DARLINGTON & Co. London: SIMPKIN & Co.
PHOTOGRAPHS. — Beautiful Photographs of Scenery,
Ruins, &c., in Italy, Greece, Turkey, Palestine, and Egypt;
also North Wales, 35., 1s. 6d., and 2s. Complete List Post Iiree. DARLINGTON & CO., LLANGOLLEN.
MIXED JET.
Patents 10,554 and 24,761/93.
-oX PRICE SOs.
mixed gases then pass tl rush holes in the edge of the plate, and so to the burner. of oxygen is obtained in the ordinary way by a fine tap on the cylinder, or an automatic regulator fitted with a high-pressure spring to deliver at about 15 lbs. pressure.
Three seasons’ experience have fully established the superiority of this Jet over all others. THE FULL 1,800 TO 2,000 CANDLE-POWER (so-called) of the ordinary mixed jet when taking its supply. of coal gas direct from the town’s pipe, or even froma bag without any pressure at all. available, it will work just as well with coal gas from a cylinder, should be purchased which cannot offer these alternatives.
KO:
This is the only Mixed Gas Jet which will work at full power with coal gas taken direct from the town supply, and oxygen from a cylinder. In order to effect this the oxygen, on its way to the mixing chamber, is made to pass through the small Injector | in the sketch at a pressure of about 12 lbs. per square inch. In passing through the Injector it sucks a supply of coal gas from the pipe H, which is connected with the house pipe, and forces it forward through the short pipe T into the mixing chamber M. Here the mixed gases meet the baffle plate B, which has the two-fold eftect of silencing the passage of the gases, and ensuring their complete admixture. The The requisite pressure
It will yield If a town’s supply is not
We cannot see why ordinary mixed jets As for blow-through jets, we do not know why
they should be used at all, when with the same economy and convenience of working, the Injector Jet will give
two or three times the light.
The working of .he Jet is simpler than that ofan ordinary jet. The turning off or on of the oxygen supply regulates automatically the This is a great convenience in actual use.
to be touched again when using town’s gas. supply of coal gas.
When the H tap is once adjusted, it does not need
Most existing jets can be fitted with an Injector to enable them to take their coal gas supply from the house pipe.
The Jet willin certain cases be sent on approval on deposit of purchase price. Further particulars free on application ta
MANCHESTER OXYGEN
(Brin’s Patent) CO., LITD.,
Great Marlborough Street, Manchester
Make Photography a Pleasure.
The Best Aids to
£200 PRIZE COMPETITION.
Open to all users of the Thornton- Illustrated Catalogue with full par- Pickard Cameras or Shutters in all ticulars post free from the Thornton- parts of the World. Pickard Manufacturing Company, Ltd.,
Altrincham,
Printed and Published by the Proprietors, T= MaGio LanTERN JouRwaL Comrans, Ltp., 9, Oarthusian Street, London, E.0.
Digitized by the Magic Lantern Society The Magic Lantern Society
http://www.magiclantern.org.u
Post-production coordinated by
MEDIA HISTORY
DIGITAL LIBRARY
www.mediahistoryproject.or
Sponsored by the ACLS Digital Extension Grant, “Globalizing and Enhancing the Media History Digital Library” (2020-2021)